Acad, Bucuresti. Cellul Chem Technol. (1964). Azizi M, Ainun Z, Rushdan I. `/Qru]g,/ZixKZfDK>cY3Lj#$?S)oUwWy3UY0- Y8"CaR}>wLu#8ib]3%}G>u%b%A1{A;8=v ELkeEyBGy$c0pauDkr+`GUb#7 a'Gih0n9.`:svk 2009;3:15. Fiber dimension evaluation done after maceration with a mixture of 30% hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid (1:1) for core and bark parts separately and was carried out microscopically at 300x and 400x magnifications according to (TAPPI-232cm-01) after staining with aqueous safranin [20, 21]. 2021 Safest Mill in Canada winners announced, PayShepherd secures $3 million USD in funding to refresh contractor billing systems. 3), thus screened yield increase with increase of chemical dose applied with the rejects decrease, during cooking with alkali charge 21% as NaOH it seemed no or negligible amount of reject whereas during 15% NaoH trial about 7% rejects with lower degree of delignification (kappa number 29.6). 2010;18:108491. New York: Interscience; 1965. p. 1289. The length of stalks was 2. Ullah S, Pakkanen H, Lehto J. statement and Ind Crop Prod. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Pulp & Paper Canadas Summer 2022 digital edition is now online! Springer Nature. By clicking below to subscribe, you acknowledge that your information will be transferred to MailChimp for processing. The highest viscosity was for 21% soda-AQ which reflected positively for all strength properties especially at high degree of freeness except for tear resistance. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. The core had lower fiber dimensions and inferior morphological indices, indicating the bark as better pulpable material. By subscribing, you agree that we may process your information in accordance with these terms. Cellul Chem Technol. Correspondence to The pulps produced are suitable for production of printing and writing papers. Burst and tear strengths are highly correlated to a high proportion of hemicelluloses [30, 31]. (DOCX 795 kb). Pulping was carried out in 7l electrically heated digester with forced liquor circulation. Kirci H. Pulping industry. SHO and SKS were carried out, supervised the chemical analysis, soda-AQ pulping and revised the draft manuscript. Characterization and evaluation of okra fibre (abelmoschus esculentus) as a pulping raw material. The fiber width of bark was medium narrow and in the hardwoods range (10-35 m) the bark fiber has wall thickness (6.2m) could be classified as medium thick (Fig. Canopy will use the information you provide to keep in touch by sending you periodic email updates. Simionescu, C. Grigorash, M. and Cerantescu-Asandei, A. 2008;28(1):116. volume1, Articlenumber:6 (2019) 2014;4(2):22733. California Privacy Statement, OTE did the fibers dimensions and their analysis, review the draft manuscript, SDM supervised and carried out the evaluation of paper properties and revised the draft manuscript. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. In many regions the residues are burned, while many agricultural residues happen to be ideal for making paper. This should result in moderate cooking chemical charges and a short cooking cycle. 2017;254. The present study focused in evaluation the characteristics of Sudanese Abelmoschus esculentus okra stalks in terms of fiber morphological properties, chemical composition, Soda-AQ pulping and papermaking characteristics and therefore indicate their suitability for paper pulp production. #pulpandpaper #pulpandpaperindustry #indigenouscanada, Resolute, Unifor announce ratification of collective agreement with pulp and paper mills https://www.pulpandpapercanada.com/?p=92493 via @pulppapercanada. All cooking conditions were kept constant (the pulping variables time to reach maximum temperature, time at maximum temperature, maximum temperature, the concentration of AQ on oven dry okra stalks and Liquor to okra stalks ratio, as shown in (Table1) with chemical charges as NaOH were varied between 15 to 21%. We use MailChimp as our marketing platform. Anthraquinone (AQ) is a powerful redox-catalyst in alkaline pulping especially when non-woody raw material is cooked. (In Russian). The chemistry of delignification, general concept part 1. Willamette Falls Paper uses wheat straw agricultural waste to produce high-quality papermaking fibres as an alternative to field burning. Non woody plants and agricultural residues as flax, cotton, bamboo and cereal straw were used extensively in pulp and paper production. J Biobased Mater Bioenergy. PubMedGoogle Scholar. This clearly showed by Runkel index and flexibility coefficient. Natural kraft paper uses include flexible packaging applications such as paper bags, pouches and poly-coating basestocks. Gierer J. Google Scholar. Shahid MR, Amjad M, Ziaf K, Jahangir MM, Ahmad S, Iqbal Q, Nawaz A. Stalk fiber of okra is characterized by high lignin, low -cellulose, and shorter fiber length, while bast fiber is characterized by low lignin, high -cellulose, and longer fiber length [12] the pulps obtained from okra stalks is good enough [13] with a high carbohydrates content (65.0%), low lignin contents (20.5%) and similar to chemical components of non-woody plants indicating okra stalks as promising source for papermaking utilization, in addition to that okra fibers can be applied as reinforcement in polymer composites [14,15,16]. The Anthraquinone (AQ) acts as redox catalyst during alkaline pulping, reduce aldehyde end groups of the carbohydrates, forming carboxylic acid, inhibits the alkaline depolymerization results in an increased yield. Moniruzzaman M, Maniruzzaman M, Gafur MA, Santu C. Ladys finger Fibres for possible use as a reinforcement in composite materials. Mater Sci Eng. Application of 21% as NaOH with 0.1% AQ gave good results in degree of delignification, mechanical properties. Rydholm SA. The Soda-AQ cooks at different active alkali levels were calculated as NaOH on oven dry raw material. By using this website, you agree to our HortTechnology. The University of Arizona cooperative Extension14. This leftover straw is known as agricultural residue. More mill ventures are hot on their heels as investment begins to see the opportunity. Decreasing this alkali charge to 18% gave screened yield 28% with very low rejects 1.5% kappa number 27.8 and viscosity 1045mlg-1. @V(Y;"rIm' The screened yield of 32.2% was achieved with negligible amount of rejects, at bleachable Kappa number 22.2 and viscosity 1065mlg1 during application of high alkali charge 21% as NaOH. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42480-019-0005-9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42480-019-0005-9. 2). 2022 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Practitcheshie Raboti po Himii Drevesinii Tzellulozi. 1) stalks were selected randomly according to TAPPI Standards [19] from Marenjan area in Gezira state, central Sudan is characterized with clay soil with low to moderate annual rainfall. New pulping technology has been developed in response. Okra is important food supplement in tropical regions and has nutritional and medicinal values, it is used traditionally in treating diseases as diabetes, pyretic syndrome, and spasmodic [7,8,9,10,11]. As Obolenskaya, [21] mentioned that the kurschner-Hoffer values are usually 4-7% higher than alfa-cellulose. The reHARVEST natural kraft paper met typical bag strength tests and has been successfully converted and printed in trials. Tarig Osman Khider. BMC Chem Eng 1, 6 (2019). Learn more about MailChimps privacy practices here. Franklin AM, Suzuki, A and Hongu, N. (2015). The hot water extractives from okra stalks was (4.1%), cold water (0.4) ethanol/ cyclohexane (1.1), ethanol extractives (1.2%) and 1% NaOH (27.6%) were rather high due to the presence of many soluble polysaccharides and phenolic compounds. The use of 0.1% AQ enhanced the delignification in the three trials applied. Plant Science Today. Leaves and steams were separated manually, and then stalks were chopped into 2-4cm length. Okra. >{ X;[ enWG0XRw]w[7)}eF3pb.%CsYdp0\_R6kQyN]Z!L:,t? Production of paper pulps in good paper properties with low lignin content (kappa number) and improved viscosity could be expected. The pulping is done at a recently commissioned wheat straw pulping plant that generates zero effluent and zero solid waste. TOK wrote the draft manuscript, designed the study and supervised the work. Cite this article. Terms and Conditions, Chem Sci Trans. There is seldom literature on pulping of okra stalks and rational utilization is highly needed. Okra Fiber dimension evaluation done after maceration with a mixture of 30% hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid (1:1) for core and bark parts separately and was carried out under microscope staining with aqueous safranin. As part of its Second Harvest campaign, Canopy has undertaken market surveys and paper trials. For our office addresses and phone numbers, please visit our Contact Us page. Good viscosity, kappa number when high chemical charge applied (21%). The pulping trials with soda- Anthraquinone (AQ,) at different chemical charges. Chips were left for air drying according to TAPPI standard (T 257-cm- 02) [19]. 2002;36(34):3536. Rodriguiz A, Sanchez R, Requejo A, Ferrer. North Americas first modern wheat straw pulp mill has been completed and a new low impact mill is being constructed in China, with plans underway for several other mills around the world. Gierer J. The lignin content was (15.3%) which was relatively moderate. et al. With so many states, like Oregon, working to reduce the use of plastic bags, we are excited to be able to offer a more sustainable choice in paper and packaging, says Phil Harding, director of technology and sustainability at Willamette Falls Paper Company. On the other hand they are an indication of easy access and degradation of the cell wall materials by weak alkali. Article Gemed, H.F.Ratta , N.Desse, G.Ashagrie, H.Woldegiorgis, Z.andBeyene, F. Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus): A Review. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. 2010;44(78):23948. University of Bahri, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Khartoum, Sudan, Industries Department, College of Applied and Industrial Sciences, University of Bahri Sudan, P.O. Receive news, important updates about our work, and ways to take action. 1998;68:20913. Box 1606, Khartoum, Sudan, Cellulose Chemistry and Technology Research Unit, National Centre of Research, Khartoum, Sudan, Osman Taha Elzaki,Salaheldin Dafalla Mohieldin&Suhair Kamal Shomeina, You can also search for this author in II. The combination of low yield but good papermaking properties suggested that okra pulps could be used in blends with the short-fibered hardwood pulps. http://ow.ly/etEA50JoiJG Rome: Cario, FAO; 1965. p. 34781. An Overview on Okara (Abelmoschus esculentus) and its importance as Nutritive Vegetable in the World. Screened yield and rejects of Abelmoschus esculentus okra stalks versus chemical charge% as NaOH. After pulping, the cooked material was washed with water at room temperature to remove the residual cooking liquor and was fiberized in a disintegrator at 1200rpm for 30min, at room temperature and l0% consistency. CEO Wesley Sessenwein shares how the funds will be used to help #pulpandpaper clients. The okra stalks has multiple purposes and could be promising raw material for pulp and paper production as agricultural waste. Lab. Bioref. Also in the report, the company's environmental and economic impacts. Agriculture Sci J. Ullah, S. Kilpelainen, P. Ilvesniem, H. Pakkanen, H. and Alen, R. Chemical Characterization of Okra stalk (Abelmoschus esculentus) as Potential Raw Material for Bio -refinery Utilization. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. 17th world textile conference AUTEX 2017- textiles - shaping the future. Part of Northern Pulp cleaning equipment ahead of indefinite Jan. 31 shutdown, Paper producer Pixelle Specialty Solutions appoints new CEO. The pulp was then beaten in Valley beater according to TAPPI-200-sp-01 freeness of pulp (Canadian standard method TAPPI 227om-99), Kappa number (TAPPI-236 om-99), viscosity (TAPPI-230om 99), physical testing of pulp sheets (TAPPI-220-sp-01). Package Containers, Inc. is the converter for the reHARVEST paper into the paper bag line. Learn about how we conserve the worlds forests and stabilize our climate. 2012;1(3):6837. According to Gierer [26, 27] the intermediate formation of quinonemethide is preceded by the cleavage of -ether aryl-ether bonds. Google Scholar. When 21% NaOH was applied, the screened yield was 32.2% with negligible amount of rejects, however with lower alkali charge 18% the screened yield was decreased to 28% with very low rejects 1.5%. Bioresour Technol. Horn, R. (1978) .Morphology of Pulp Fiber from Hardwoods and Influence on Paper Strength. Conditioning of testing atmosphere (TAPPI-402-sp-98), Burst strength (TAPPI-403om-97), Tensile (TAPP-404-cm-92), tearing resistance (TAPPI-414 om-98), folding endurance (TAPPI-423cm-98) and density (TAPPI258-om-02) and ISO standards [24]. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. A high hot water soluble content also indicated a higher accessibility of the cell wall components to pulping liquor. According to the suggestions of other authors, the operation conditions used during soda-anthraquinone cooking of okra were selected, as follows: maximum temperature 165C0, time to maximum temperature 60min, time at temperature 120min, anthraquinone concentration 0.1% and liquid/okra stalks ratio was 5. You can change your mind at any time by clicking the unsubscribe link in the footer of any email you receive from us, or by contacting us at [emailprotected] We will treat your information with respect. In large areas in Asia and Africa, these stalks are burned and treated as waste. 1982;36:4351. The raw materials was characterized chemically in accordance with applicable TAPPI standards for different components, namely: preparation for chemical analysis (TAPPI-264-cm-97) sampling and testing for moisture (TAPPI-210cm-93) lignin (TAPPI-222), alpha cellulose (TAPPI-203 OS-61), hot water soluble (TAPPI-T- 207), Pentosans (TAPPI-223-cm-01) solvent extraction of wood (TAPPI-204), and ash (TAPPI-212) [22]. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Chimia Lemnului din R.P.R. Due to relatively low screened yield and good papermaking properties, it is advisable to blend these pulps with other high yield pulps. The strength properties of three trails pulps (Table 4) indicated in general the slight difference in strength properties with relatively higher of 21% soda-AQ pulp properties. OkraA Versatile Vegetable Crop. 5-3 m tall and 2-2.5cm in diameter. 2013;50(3):38792. 2018;8:413 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-018-0306-x. Although there is still controversy in accepting morphological data in predicting the properties of the pulp, the multi-regression technique seems undoubtedly valuable in showing which morphological characters are important in the pulp properties. The lab work done by students Rashid Hamid Edris, Hadiel Ibrahim Ahmed and Fakhreldin Alfadil Rahmatallah. on the other hand rejects were increased to 7% when 15% NaOH was applied with very low screened yield 19%.The pulps produced from okra soda-AQ are suitable for production of printing and writing papers and it is advisable to use them in blending due to good papermaking properties. Abelmoschus esculentus okra stalks, fiber structure under microscope. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) a popular crop and vegetable. The amount of ash and silica content showed that ash composed of a high proportion of inorganic components other than silica. Moscow, Lesporm; 1965. Forest Prods. Lamont WJ. Omer, S.H., Khider, T.O., Elzaki, O.T. North Americas vast agricultural heartlands are untapped sources of paper fibre. The chemistry of delignification, general concept part II. 2010;5(4):211222. 1999;9:2,17984. The ash content of Abelmoschus esculentus okra stalks was rather high (6.3%) as indicated in (Table3), but typical for tropical non-woody plants. We have already included most of data in the manuscript, the lab and data, some data not included in the manuscript attached as Additional file 1. Rahman M, Jahan MS, Rahman MM. The swelling pressure contributes to loosening of the structure and fibrillation. 2015;6:458. https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7110.1000458. 2014;1(3):12130 https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2014.1.3.63. Abelmoschus esculentus okra (Fig. The natural kraft paper is FDA compliant and will be available in 30# to 70# basis weights (49 to 114 GSM). Pulp from Congolese fibrous raw materials. Utilization of okra pulps and blender is recommended due to good pulp properties. Cellul Chem Technol. Holzforschung. Physical properties of Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra plant). Okra fruits is important vegetable but its stalks is burned in tropical and suptropical areas. J Food Process Technol. Willamette Falls Paper has reconfigured the mill to dedicate one machine to brown grades and two machines to manufacture both high-bright coated and uncoated legacy grades. The family of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is Malvaceae, okra is one of the oldest cultivated crops, it was recorded by the Egyptians in 1216A.D., however there was strong evidence, okra was cultivated earlier than that in Ethiopia, some other reports considered India as center of origin [3,4,5,6].The estimated annual production in the world was about 4.8 million tons; and the share of India (4.528 million tons), Nigeria (0.826 million tons), Sudan (0.249 million tons), Pakistan (0.116 million tons), Cote dIviore (0.115 million tons), Egypt (0.100 million tons) and Iraq (0.153 million tons) [7]. This should increase the alkali consumption and may cause some problems at waste liquor recovery [29]. The use of soda-AQ pulping accelerated the delignification and beating rate, increased yield and viscosity and gave pulp with superior properties and highest alkali charge. http://ow.ly/Rj7450Jrwk4 Farmers, in consultation with agronomists and soil scientists with specific regional knowledge, can determine the amount of straw residue that must be left on the land and that which could be accessed for commercial purposes in a manner that does not undermine soil quality, including soil carbon storage. Thus hemicelluloses serve as a matrix binding substance between fibers in a pulp. Initially, Willamette Falls Paper will be producing natural kraft paper using a minimum of 30 per cent agricultural fibres in this case, wheat straw. Authors grateful for the Cellulose Chemistry and Technology Research Unit- National Centre for Research (NCR) Khartoum, Sudan for using of research facilities. The cellulose (Kurschner-Hoffer) was (48.5%) which meant good pulp yields at suitable alkali utilization. The brightness for the three cooks were more or less the same. The air dry samples of core and bark of okra were manually separated and chopped to 35cm length. Tong PS. All the conditions were constant except for soda concentration as (NaOH, 15-21% on oven dry weight of okra stalks) for optimization of cooking and the concentration of alkali was the most effective variable. Pixelle Specialty Solutions to acquire two Verso paper mills in the U.S. ABB provides digital upgrades for Port Townsend Paper, West Linn Paper Mill to reopen as Willamette Falls Paper Company, Cascades releases further details on Orchids Paper acquisition, Paper Excellence Group set to acquire Resolute Forest Products through Domtar. 1982;36:5564. Duman MN, Kocak E, Merdan DN, Mistik I. Nonwoven production from agricultural okra wastes and investigation of their thermal conductivities. The ash content was rather high whereas the silica content was comparatively high The hot water extractives from okra stalks was (4.1%), cold water (0.4) ethanol/ cyclohexane (1.1), ethanol extractives (1.2%) and 1% NaOH (27.6%) were rather high. https://doi.org/10.7598/cst2012.185. J Clean Prod. Int J Pharm Biol Sci. Atik C. Soda-AQ pulping of Okra stalks. BioResources. The mill has a long-term goal of developing natural kraft grades with up to 100 per cent straw fibre.. Representative sample of a portion prepared chips for pulping trails was ground in a star mill and the 40X60 mesh fraction was used for chemical analysis according to TAPPI standards and Obolenskaya [23]. However okra Abelmoschus esculentus stalks could be one of promising non woody plants in paper production [1, 2]. The cellulose (Kurschner-Hoffer) was (48.5%) The lignin content was (15.3%) which was relatively moderate. Chemical, morphological, and technological properties of cultivated Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) fibers. The screened yield increase with increase of chemical dose applied while the rejects decrease. For more information about our privacy policy please click here. The rejects were increased to 7% during application of 15% NaOH with high Kappa number 29.6 and viscosity 1010mlg1. The fiber dimensions and morphological indices represented okra stalks as in range of tropical non woody plants. ISO standards 2003. International Organization for Standardization. Trabzon: KTU Faculty of Forest Press, No: 86; 2006. Nevertheless, too high alkali concentrations must be avoided especially at the end of the cooking procedure.
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