Current professional accountants use a wide range of computer applications to perform their day-to-day operational work (Do et al., 2020; Blankley et al., 2019; Boulianne, 2014). 907-926. The latest updates should be incorporated in the accounting software as and when required. Chao, C.A. Prior to the 21st century, most organizations preferred traditional method of recording accounting transactions, which, of course, is very time-consuming and involves too much paperwork (Kumar, 2020). (2020) and Azih (2018) noted that manual accounting systems consist of accounting ledgers prepared using paper, typewriters and calculators. This leads SMEs not meeting their business goals (Alhatabat, 2020). (2017) and Kapurubandara and Lawson (2006), and was used to analyze and investigate to qualify SMEs for the purpose of the current study. Ogundana, O., Okere, W., Ayomoto, O., Adesanmi, D., Ibidunni, S. and Ogunleye, O. (2020), Management accounting in the digital economy: evolution and perspectives, Improving Business Performance through Innovation in the Digital Economy, IGI Global, pp. []. Another interviewee mentioned that they did not use any programs in their accounting because business was small. 2, pp. 2 No. 16 No. 01-15. Kumar, P.N. Wessels, P.L. (2017), ICT and accounting system of SMEs in Nigeria, Management Science Letters, Vol. Nyathi, K.A., Nyoni, T., Nyoni, M. and Bonga, W.G. 114-131. This means, the study has established a good professional experience with the interviewees to develop the quality of the interview questions and thus improve the analysis, and considered follow-up questions and explanations where required. Recent studies in the field of accounting and management (e.g. 25-33, doi: 10.21272/fmir.4(2).25-33.2020. 476-488. (2015), Obstacles and implementation of accounting software system in small medium enterprises (SMEs): case of south Asian perspective, Abdur and Uddin, Mohammad Main, Obstacles and Implementation of Accounting Software System in Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs): Case of South Asian Perspective, (May 23, 2015), Vol. (2020), Management accounting practices among vietnamese small and medium enterprises, Asian Economic and Financial Review, Vol. (2012), The ERP system impact on the role of accountants, Industrial Management and Data Systems, Vol. The full terms of this licence may be seen at http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode. 1, pp. Lin, Z.J., Xiong, X. and Liu, M. (2005), Knowledge base and skill development in accounting education: evidence from China, Journal of Accounting Education, Vol. Chhabra, K.S. This is also useful for internal control systems employed by the entity (Turner et al., 2020; Senft et al., 2016). 1008-1025. 112-116. This study explores the effect of knowledge of accounting software which leads to adoption of accounting software among SMEs in Oman. 529-537. In addition, accounting controllers think employing an ERP system leads to modifications in the role of accountants (Chen et al., 2012). and Maryanti, E. (2020), Does corporate governance predict firm profitability? and Chinyere, O. Amoako, G.K. (2013), Accounting practices of SMEs: a case study of Kumasi Metropolis in Ghana, International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 28, pp. Chen, H.J., Yan Huang, S., Chiu, A.A. and Pai, F.C. 101-116. 4, pp. Situmorang, P.P. 16 No. (2005), Investigating the perceived threats of computerized accounting information systems in developing countries: an empirical study on Saudi organizations, Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences, Vol. 9 No. (2019), Effect of board size and duality on corporate social responsibility: what has improved in corporate governance in Asia?, Journal of Accounting Science, Vol. 4, pp. 87-103. On this point, the interviewee respondent exemplified that Currently we use a special notebook to record transactions. Ghasemi, M., Shafeiepour, V., Aslani, M. and Barvayeh, E. (2011), The impact of Information Technology (IT) on modern accounting systems, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 12 No. When we asked them about the theoretical and practical knowledge about accounting software, three of the interviewees (professional accountants in SMEs) conclude that the use of computerized accounting software / ERP is easy since it reduces the work of preparing financial statements, budgets, cash flow statements and so on. One of the interviewees expressed their concern about the use of accounting software requiring theoretical and practical knowledge of accounting standards or IFRS and accounting software in order to record day-to-day business transactions, Accounting software is a software designed specifically to help an accountant or entrepreneur. This is supported by Hernandez (2020) and Ha and Ahn (2014) who pointed that factors such as competent internal ERP team, supportive top management, employees technical training, collaboration between interdepartment and communication, continuous improvement and continuous systems process integration/extension influence adoption of accounting software in SMEs. Fowzia, R. and Nasrin, M. (2011), Appreciation of computerized accounting system in financial Institutions in Bangladesh, World Review of Business Research, Vol. 12 No. (2019) and Rudzani and Manda (2016) identified in their study that SMEs are required to use IFRS and many of these organizations are finding it hard to adopt or incorporate IFRS for numerous reasons, including lack of available expertise. (2020) and Wadesango (2015) in their studies that majority of SMEs use single-entry accounting and keep those transactions in books or MS Excel. Wen, Y. Ashrafi and Murtaza (2008) in their study provided that only a very a smaller number of SMEs in Oman are aware of the available accounting software and its adoption. (2019a), Qualitative analysis on information communication technology and auditing practices of accounting professionals, Journal of Information and Computational Science, Vol. 10 No. R1, for example, states, Making daily invoices prepare the general budget of the ministry and assist in facilitating the financial operations of the government by identifying monthly revenues and expenses and sending them to the ministry. Another interviewee (R2) reiterated the importance of knowledge of accounting software, Lack of knowledge of how to use advanced software are the barriers while using such accounting software. Likewise, this result is supported by Oduro (2020), Pillay (2016), who claim that lack of practical knowledge and thus unable to experience the potential benefits of latest technology and strategies to support and boost SMEs in achieving their business operational objectives is the major barrier to ICT adoption. 90-98. 2, pp. 2, pp. 7-15. (2012) indicated that IT notion is taken as a powerful competitive tool in the recent economy and measures ERP post-adoption benefits on SME performance. (2020), The doors are opening for the new pedigree: a futuristic view for the effects of blockchain technology on accounting applications, Digital Business Strategies in Block Chain Ecosystems, Springer, Cham, pp. 226-243. Thus, this improved customized accounting software or ERP in SMEs will definitely improve their proficient way of handling daily recording of business transactions, the approach of accounting practices by SMEs and consequently improve the efficiency and effectiveness of SMEs accountants that will lead to generate automated fair financial statements and other related reports such as cash flow statements and budgetary report. 121-221. Xu, X. 9 No. 64, pp. Ramazani, M., Zanjani, M. and Vali, F. (2012), Accounting software expectation gap based on features of accounting information systems (AISs), Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences, Vol. 744-755. 3, pp. (2020), Alabdullah et al. The advantages include increased reliable and accurate financial reports and faster access of financial data, and it ensures fairly improved generation of accounting information through financial statements (Gkten and zdoan, 2020; Ghasemi et al., 2011). Thottoli, M.M., Thomas, K.V. (2020), Impact of financial inclusion on performance of banks in Nigeria, Fountain University Osogbo Journal of Management, Vol. (2015), The importance of record keeping to the growth of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in Zimbabwe, Corporate Ownership and Control, Vol. 476-482. This method has been applied by selected accountants who work in SMEs in Oman. It is also essential that one should know the benefits of the application of rules in a given business environment. The respondents indicated that these determining aspects, which have been stated, have played a very serious role in determining selection and use of accounting software structure for accounting in various SMEs in Oman, thus enhancing the accounting practices. Thottoli et al. Huy, P.Q. To choose the required respondents for the survey, this study has used a purposive sampling method to make ease of estimation procedure (Teddlie and Tashakkori, 2009). SME: Since there is no standard definition for SMEs, this research has taken on the following meanings of SMEs. (2006) found that some SMEs are facing issues managing their accounting tasks. 10 No. Most of the organizations now replaced their traditional method (manual accounting system) with computerized accounting systems (Phyu and Vongurai, 2020; Dalci and Tanis, 2004). 4, pp. Arcega, C.K., Datinguinoo, E., Guerra, J., Guno, C., Mayuga, H.J., Villamena, E. and Manongsong, J.L. Alhatabat, Z. (2011), Accounting practices of SMEs in Zimbabwe: an investigative study of record keeping for performance measurement (A case study of Bindura), Journal of accounting and taxation, Vol. 581-609. Accountants have now been using generalized accounting software to do all the accounting tasks instead of using the traditional ways of accounting (Kumar, 2020), such as manual recording of accounting transactions and finalization of financial statements (Turner et al., 2020). 11 No. We still have a vast majority of SMEs in Oman using only books for recording their day-to-day accounting transactions. 13 No. 98-124. As there are no specific studies that examine the knowledge and use of accounting software among SMEs in Oman, there is no clarity regarding the accounting practices that accountants follow in an ICT-enabled or accounting software environment. Information communication technology (ICT) has been used to enhance organizational performance and the reliability of accounting information (Ganyam and Ivungu, 2019; Ogundana et al., 2017; Sami, 2011). 68 No. 3 No. The study has brought about a new discussion on the importance of information communication technology (ICT) knowledge and use or adoption of accounting software by SMEs for accounting literature. 127-143. Accounting software is a major instrument in accounting information systems (AISs), offering timely, accurate and reliable information. 1, pp. Hassan (2020), Ahmed et al. 1, 1717718, pp. 12 No. (2011) opined that accounting function contributes an important role in the success or failure of any SME or modern business organization. (2020), Ibrahim et al. 18, pp. 1 No. 1 No. 2 No. Bui, N.T., Le, O.T.T. 3, pp. Moreover, it is suggested for future studies to apply quantitative methods such as case studies, specifically moderators, and each of the independent variables to better understand the customized accounting software in SMEs. Anderson, D.R., Sweeney, D.J., Williams, T.A., Camm, J.D. Information communication technology (ICT) has been considered as a major aspect of effective and efficient accounting system and which can leads to increase organizational performance drastically. Initially, Ministry of Higher Education in Oman should ensure that the curriculum for graduating students includes proper theoretical as well as practical training on generalized accounting software. There could be different causative factors for adoption of accounting software by SMEs which can be examined in further studies; there is a need for additional analysis to confirm these leads to different contexts. Small business owners think that keeping accounting records are not required and gives less need or important to expose their financial position. (2020) and Pulakanam and Suraweera (2010) analyzed and found that small businesses, while implementing small business accounting software, face many barriers, such as nonuser-friendly and non-availability of software vendors support and guidance (Bakr, 2020). (2019a, b, c) found in their study that ICT has a significant impact on the auditing practices. 11 No. 836-863. Further, software consultants should also know current accounting and tax regulations issued by government to develop customized accounting software for Omani SMEs. According to Damerji (2020) and Chao and Chandra (2012), the knowledge of accounting software and its adoption are critical, and owner's knowledge of IT was found to be a significant predictor of adoption of traditional IT, as well as IT strategic alignment and Internet know-how, while controlling for differences in organizational attributes (age, size, affiliation industry and strategic attention). Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. Only a small number of SMEs in Oman know the benefits of available accounting software and ICT adoption. Imparting knowledge of the accounting software to the employees will be reinforced so that they use computerized accounting. (2016) have claimed that the usage of computerized accounting system by SMEs has much improved their performance. 1. (2011), E-accounting practices among small and medium enterprises in Ghana, Journal of Management Policy and Practice, Vol. 1, pp. According to interviews and literature review, this research identifies the variables to be analyzed, the knowledge of accounting software and use or adoption of accounting software among SMEs accountants. (2018), The role of accounting information in the success of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Zimbabwe: a case of Harare, Journal of Business and Management (DRJ-JBM), Vol. Taiwo, J.N. This research consequently has assessed this phenomenon and analyzed literature in an effort to determine the knowledge and use of accounting software and evaluated the relationship between the accounting practices and SMEs in Oman. 1, pp. 11, pp. Further, it would be useful to suggest that SMEs and such other types of organizations adopt customized or generalized accounting software that will enhance the practice among accounting professionals. 21-36. It is encouraged that continuous effort is required to equip future accountants with necessary IT knowledge and skill as the interconnectedness among IT and accounting functional areas in an organization is invariably important (Turner et al., 2020; Lin et al., 2005; Allen, 1999). Tax authorities should encourage SMEs to use accounting software for recording business transactions to tackle with corporate tax and VAT. Most of the SMEs are not maintaining complete accounting records. The findings revealed that the knowledge of accounting software has a significant effect on the use of accounting software, meaning that there is significant and positive relationship among the knowledge of generalized accounting software and the use of such generalized or customized accounting software by SMEs in Oman. 13 No. In addition, this research shows the empirical evidence of knowledge of accounting software effects on the adoption or use of accounting software among SMEs in Oman. 3, p. 223. and Pattanayak, J.K. (2014), Financial accounting practices among small enterprises: issues and challenges, IUP Journal of Accounting Research and Audit Practices, Vol. 2, pp. and Bradley, K.P. (2020), The impact of Public Sector Scorecard adoption on the effectiveness of accounting information systems towards the sustainable performance in public sector, Cogent Business and Management, Vol. 98, p. 101982. 156-176. With this training, the students should get acquainted with the use and knowledge of organizational customized accounting software which helps them to know automated process of applicable IFRS and Oman's proposed implementation of VAT of 2021. 1-9. 18 No. (2015) that computers provide accurate calculations and smart reports such as financial statements, cash flow statements and various budgets. 2, pp. and Thottoli, M.M. The SMEs are categorized according to the number of employees employed. Further, the paper elucidated the significance of knowledge of accounting software and evaluated the relationship between knowledge and its adoption or use of accounting software among SMEs in Oman. 1-11. (2018) found that the use of Excel in accounting areas such as audit, tax, advisory and corporate is considered as important by majority of small organizations. In addition, the researchers can study various other challenges that current accounting professionals in SMEs face while using accounting software. 2, pp. 1530-1535. (2020), Accounting outsourcing in small business agribusiness: terms of reference, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, IOP Publishing, Vol. These are important, but data analytic skills are more important than data visualization skills. Lee, L., Kerler, W. and Ivancevich, D. (2018), Beyond Excel: software tools and the accounting curriculum, AIS Educator Journal, Vol. 75-98. This study has used qualitative approach. 147-168. Further, this study can be extended to categorize SMEs into partnership, LLP and sole proprietorship and evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of using accounting software or ERP with traditional method of recording accounting transactions. 792-815. and Copeland, M.K. (2017), Emerging information technologies in accounting and related security riskswhat is the impact on the Romanian accounting profession, Journal of Accounting and Management Information Systems, Vol. Ibrahim, F., Ali, D.N.H. 1, pp. 11 No. (2012), Competitive advantages through IT innovation adoption by SMEs, Socialins technologijos/Social Technologies, Vol. Bakr, S.A. (2020), The Adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standard for Small and Medium-Sized Entities (IFRS for SMEs) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Doctoral dissertation, Royal Holloway, University of London. Also, this existing study may help assist the policymakers, especially by Ministry of Oman, tax authorities in Oman, higher educational institutions and government in particular, to set right and consider policies linked to the knowledge of basics of accounting and knowledge of use of accounting software or ERP. Ruivo, P., Oliveira, T. and Neto, M. (2012), ERP use and value: Portuguese and Spanish SMEs, Industrial Management and Data Systems, Vol. 1, pp. 7 No. This research would be useful to SMEs to enhance the knowledge and use of accounting software among accounting professionals, as the study findings indicated that accounting software and ERP significantly affect efficiency and effectiveness in the field of professional accounting. Bashorun, M.T., Omopupa, K.T. 3, p. 37. Bui et al. 1-21. Mishina, Z.A., Kozlov, S.N., Sidorova, N.P., Makarychev, V.A., Makushev, A.E. Birt, J., Chalmers, K., Maloney, S., Brooks, A., Oliver, J. and Bond, D. (2020), Accounting: Business Reporting for Decision Making, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey. (2021), "Knowledge and use of accounting software: evidence from Oman", Journal of Industry - University Collaboration, Vol. Rudzani, S. and Manda, D.C. (2016), An assessment of the challenges of adopting and implementing IFRS for SMEs in South Africa, Problems and Perspectives in Management, Vol. Replacing traditional accounting paper records with computer-based records brings many advantages, especially for SMEs. Mishina et al. Thus, the objectives of this study are to examine the knowledge and use of accounting software among SMEs in Oman. This accounting software or ERP should support majority of local SMEs in Oman. Wadesango, O.V. and Phuc, V.K. 24, p. 73. 3 No. 2. Ganyam, A.I. In addition, accounting / ERP software, Adobe Acrobat, PowerPoint and the FASB Codification were recognized as often employed across various accounting areas and practical knowledge levels. and Ivungu, J.A. Blankley, A., Kerr, D. and Wiggins, C. (2019), An Examination and analysis of technologies employed by accounting educators, The Accounting Educators' Journal, Vol. 1, pp. The government and policymakers should strategize on encompassing the use or adoption of accounting software by accounting professional in SMEs by giving aid and regulating the selected features of accounting software, hence making SMEs more compliant to the accounting standards or IFRS and tax laws in Oman. The main role of accountant is to provide service for entry process financial transactions and generation of financial reports. (2016), Effect of ICT on accounting information system and organisational performance: the application of information and communication technology on accounting information system, European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, Vol. (2020) and Rahman et al. 361-368. This provides SMEs to select the most appropriate generalized or customized accounting software package. and Vongurai, R. (2020), Impacts on adaptation intention towards using accounting software in terms of technology advancement at work in Myanmar, AU-GSB e-Journal, Vol. (2020), Thottoli (2020) and Lee et al. Gkten, S. and zdoan, B. Journal of Industry - University Collaboration, Article publication date: 2 December 2020. 3, pp. Pulakanam, V. and Suraweera, T. (2010), Implementing accounting software in small business in New Zealand: an exploratory investigation, Accountancy Business and the Public Interest, Vol. Bashorun et al. (Eds) (2009), Foundations of Mixed Methods Research: Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches in the Social and Behavioral Sciences, Sage Publications. Araya-Leandro, C.E., del Carmen Caba-Prez, M. and Lpez-Hernndez, A.M. (2020), The process of modernization of the public accounting systems in the central American countries, Tools, Strategies, and Practices for Modern and Accountable Public Sector Management, IGI Global, pp. IT helps overcome the challenges of an accounting profession (Rndau, 2017). (2020) and Ashrafi and Murtaza (2013), which found that the knowledge of accounting principles and accounting software leads to the adoption of accounting software in SMEs. and Marin-Pantelescu, A. Most of the accounting software are user-friendly for accountants, which resulted in functioning of accounting tasks on a daily basis, in a timely manner and accurately (Xu, 2020; Fowzia and Nasrin, 2011; Musa and Abu, 2005). Accountants should have certain percentage of knowledge in the realm of traditional/old financial accounting practice. Janvrin, D., Bierstaker, J. and Lowe, D.J. 51-67. Lack of knowledge of how to use advanced software. 22-48. The reason for such issues is lack of expertise knowledge in basic accounting, lack of knowledge in generally accepted accounting principles and lack of applicable tax regulation. 267-284. Likewise, this research has made an influential contribution to the literature regarding the influence of the knowledge of accounting software and the accounting professionals among various SMEs. and Ahmed, E.R. (2020), A review of researches on accounting in China brought by artificial intelligence, 5th International Conference on Economics, Management, Law and Education (EMLE 2019), Atlantis Press, pp. Rahman, M.M., Ahammed, M., Uddin, M., Rouf, M. and Uddin, M.M. 16-29. Ibrahim et al. 149-169. and Esmero, A. 3, p. 5. 3, pp. An empirical study in Oman, The International Journal of Accounting and Business Society, Vol. 21 No. 84-96. Ahmed, E.R., Alabdullah, T.T.Y., Thottoli, M.M. and Chandra, A. Teddlie, C. and Tashakkori, A. Cadez, S. and Guilding, C. 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