The undergraduate program in Comparative Literature welcomes students interested in the study of literature from theoretical, interdisciplinary, cross-cultural, and global perspectives. (even translated) are World Literature. But fundamentally the discipline of Comparative Literature is also a practice, a habit of learning, a way of studying literature, film and culture without arbitrarily stopping at national or linguistic borders. The world is more interconnected than ever before, meaning information travels faster than ever before. Students of Comparative Literature trace the transformations and travels of literary genres and texts across time and space. as long as theyre writing in English. problems involving two different literatures: According to some scholars, the term comparative literature was first introduced in French in 1816, as littrature compare. American literature, British literature, French literature, and Indian English represent three consecutive levels. Echo: Essays in Other Literatures. In the French School, Comparative Literature becomes an ancillary discipline in the field of French literary history The French school was too narrow and relied too heavily on factual evidence It argued that Comparative literature ought to involve the study of two elements ( two different languages) , Introduction v Thematology or study of themes is a new area in the field of comparative literature. Studying comparative literature could be one way to contribute your personal passions to a global cause. Works written in any other language Students should consult with their academic program regarding final certifications and requirements for graduation. mean much at present, it is time for the era of world literature and everybody What might the political implications of this be? Boston University World Languages & Literatures However, one big part of studying comp lit is to try to understand what gets lost in translation. and by a Tamilian is accepted as National Literature. British poet, Thomas Mann a German novelist moved to the United For serious literary scholarship, writes comparatist Geert Lernout of the University of Antwerp, monolingualism is not even a serious option: maybe contemporary writers read and write in only one language, but almost all the great writers of the past did not. This is a narrow sense It wasnt until the later 19th century that the field was institutionalized across some European and American universities. Unlike strict discussions over the accuracy of the translations, comparative literature discussions would address what might have been lost in cultural meaning from one text to another. And how has literature itself been understood and theorized across historical periods and geographical boundaries? Fall Apart, Chinua Achebe (Nigeria), Many comparitists accept all writings produced the Westernization of the world) is to perpetuate and preserve other cultures through foreign language learning. That means we need more students and scholars devoted to highlighting these gaps in understanding and seeking to bridge them. World the commonalities between all nationalliteratures. The program is based on ECNUs main campus in Shanghai. by those people who share the same culture and language though they hail from They explore the connections of literature with history, philosophy, politics, and literary theory. With German universities no longer educating their students primarily for an academic market, the necessity of a more vocational approach is becoming ever more evident".[12]. one National Literature: Defined most broadly, comparative literature is the study of "literature without borders". Unlike other forms of literary study, comparative literature places its emphasis on the interdisciplinary analysis of social and cultural production within the "economy, political dynamics, cultural movements, historical shifts, religious differences, the urban environment, international relations, public policy, and the sciences".[2]. Our program focus is on Chinese literature and culture, and we encourage comparative studies between China and other cultures as we strongly believe that literary and cultural dialogue is very necessary for the world., The program prepares candidates for scholarship in the field and for teaching in comparative literature, separate departments of literature, and the humanities. Literary translations also have their own kind of history and even politics. Comparatists, as students and scholars of comparative literature are called, are in a unique position to highlight and change the way literature influences culture. German comparatists working in East Germany, however, were not invited, nor were recognised colleagues from France or the Netherlands. Traditionally, too, Asian, African, and Middle Eastern literatures (when they were studied at all) were long relegated to the rubric of Area Studies. circulation of works into the wider world beyond their country of origin, Often used in the past primarily for There are three concentrations within the major: National and Transnational Literatures (four courses in each of two languages), Theory, and Globalization. Caucasian Chalk Circle, Bertolt Brecht (Germany), RECEPTION STUDY IN COMPARATIVE LITERATURE. They might then read English translations of texts by Latin American immigrants and compare those texts to their original Spanish versions. Not only will literature be better for it, but so will politics, philosophy, sociology, gender studies, and the arts. Students who are already interested in studying foreign languages, or already have competence in at least one, can choose to pursue a concentration in that language. Canadian scholar Joseph Pivato is carrying on a campaign to revitalize comparative study with his book, Comparative Literature for the New Century eds. The approach of the American School would be familiar to current practitioners of cultural studies and is even claimed by some to be the forerunner of the Cultural Studies boom in universities during the 1970s and 1980s. ), and across disciplines (literature and psychology, philosophy, science, history, architecture, sociology, politics, etc.). of international currents such as Petrarchism - the termPetrarchismrefers The program provides students with a cosmopolitan intellectual background that is increasingly in demand today. Yet while he was oriented towards the West and the new allies of West Germany and paid little attention to comparatists in Eastern Europe, his conception of a transnational (and transatlantic) comparative literature was very much influenced by East European literary theorists of the Russian and Prague schools of structuralism, from whose works Ren Wellek, too, derived many of his concepts, concepts that continue to have profound implications for comparative literary theory today" A manual published by the department of comparative literature at the LMU Munich lists 31 German departments which offer a diploma in comparative literature in Germany, albeit some only as a 'minor'. (Routledge, 2012). on the Shore, Haruki Murakami (Japan), But literature and readers have both always ranged outside the boundaries of one national language. Comparative literature is an academic discipline devoted to studying how culture and literature are expressed differently in different nations and languages. phone: (617) 358-5032 email: wll@bu.edu, WLL Lecture Series: New Books in East Asian Lit. is English. Tracing those connections wherever they lead is what we mean by comparison, whether we are following a theme across national and linguistic borders, studying filmic adaptations of literary texts, or inquiring into the places where disciplines intersect. which excludes Tamil literature produced in countries like Sri Lanka, Malaysia Criticism of the field quickly developed, as scholars realized that a more precise description of the field would have been the comparative study of literature and therefore comparative literature was a bit of a sloppy term. The curriculum in comparative literature has two major objectives: while training students in one literary tradition, it also requires them to be seriously interested in at least two other literatures as well as in the historical, critical, and theoretical problems raised by the study of literature., The Department of Comparative Literature offers Comparative Literature as a secondary field in GSAS to enrich the education of PhD students in other departments who seek to do research and teach across the institutional boundaries of national languages and literatures. It is concerned with that which is universal If you love learning, speaking, reading, and writing in multiple languages but also find yourself fascinated by what gets lost in translation, this may be a great field of study for you. The PDF will include all information unique to this page. Academic discipline comparing literature across cultures, Learn how and when to remove this template message, International Comparative Literature Association, Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature, "What careers do Comparative Literature majors have? [7], Work considered foundational to the discipline of comparative literature include Spanish humanist Juan Andrs's work, Transylvanian Hungarian Hugo Meltzl de Lomnitz's scholarship, also the founding editor of the journal Acta Comparationis Litterarum Universarum (1877) and Irish scholar H.M. Posnett's Comparative Literature (1886). However, antecedents can be found in the ideas of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in his vision of "world literature" (Weltliteratur) and Russian Formalists credited Alexander Veselovsky with laying the groundwork for the discipline. It may be an incident or a device or a formula. Comparative Literature normally deals with Directions Home: Approaches to African-Canadian Literature. The positive study of comparative literature is built on the study of different languages.. At the core of the concentration in Comparative Literature are courses introducing Western, East Asian, Middle Eastern and South Asian literary traditions in comparative perspective. Szondi's work in Allgemeine und Vergleichende Literaturwissenschaft (German for "General and Comparative Literary Studies") included the genre of drama, lyric (in particular hermetic) poetry, and hermeneutics: "Szondi's vision of Allgemeine und Vergleichende Literaturwissenschaft became evident in both his policy of inviting international guest speakers to Berlin and his introductions to their talks. Due to the interdisciplinary and multi-national lens through which it studies its subject matter, explains the University of Saskatchewans Department of Languages, Literatures, and Cultural Studies webpage, [comparative literature] is a field of inquiry which has enormous potential to lead to greater global consciousness and sensitivity to the diversity and nature of cultures and the differences and similarities in their codes, languages, literatures, and artistic expression.. Comparative Literature is trans-national, trans-medial, and transcultural. Kafka I have read the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy, Online English self-study + private lessons, Online Spanish self-study + private lessons. The subtext here is that all fields of literaturenot just comparative literatureneed more students and scholars who know multiple languages. Literature, in its aspiration for universality, is composed of Comparative literature is about thebinary relationsbetween two [1] While most frequently practised with works of different languages, comparative literature may also be performed on works of the same language if the works originate from different nations or cultures in which that language is spoken. What kinds of shortcomings in translation might have an impact on the readers understanding of the culture being described? These courses introduce students to the global diversity of literary forms and genres while acquainting them with the methods of comparative literary study. We take the steps we can to read and view cultural texts in their original languages; when we cannot, we pay careful attention to what is gained and lost in translation. Despite these issues, the fieldand the termhave stuck around for over a century, and todays comparative literature curricula tend to emphasize the complexity of the discipline. General Literature is devoted to developments in Many of the newer sub-fields, however, are more influenced by critical theory and literary theory, stressing theoretical acumen and the ability to consider different types of art concurrently over proficiency in multiple languages. So while efforts have been made to make comparative literature less Eurocentric, most texts in comp lit classes still are taught in English. National Literature treats questions confined Its also to determine how translation plays into the way these narratives are received. Many comparatists also share the desire to integrate literary experience with other cultural phenomena such as historical change, philosophical concepts, and social movements. It was he who coined the term Thematics or Thematology v Thematology is a comparative study of literary works as they relate to other literary works as far as the themes are concerned Themes and Motifs Thematology involves the study of themes and motifs . by citizens of a particular nation. Both are basically different but modern literary critics use them as interchangeable terms. In the area of comparative studies of literature and the other arts see Linda Hutcheon's work on Opera and her A Theory of Adaptation. This will include advanced work in at least one foreign language and its literature and a series of interrelated courses of your choice. literature consecrated as great by the language of that people. How much responsibility and power do translators have in this regard? And how have the practice and theory of translation changed over time? According to French Comparitist, Paul Van This eclecticism has led critics (from within and without) to charge that comparative literature is insufficiently well-defined or that comparatists too easily fall into dilettantism because the scope of their work is, of necessity, broad. Comparative Literature is both an individualized program of study with a high degree of flexibility and a strong cohort of faculty and students with shared interests and values. And yet we all depend on translations sooner or later. Comparative Literature, Bharath and Bharathidasan Students and instructors in the field, usually called "comparatists", have traditionally been proficient in several languages and acquainted with the literary traditions, literary criticism, and major literary texts of those languages. Comparative Studies of the Premodern World. Applicants must have an overall GPA of 3.4 and a GPA of 3.6 in Major Related courses. Comparative Literature and General Literature, Messages get lost in translation frequently enough within a single language or culture, but across languages and cultures the picture gets even more complicated. The literature in Comparative Literature refers both to literature as it is traditionally conceivedas fiction, drama, poetry, and literary nonfictionand also to visual culture and cultural production more broadly. In response to Pivato Canadian comparatists Susan Ingram and Irene Sywenky co-edited Comparative Literature in Canada: Contemporary Scholarship, Pedagogy, and Publishing in Review (2019), an initiative of the Canadian Comparative Literature Association. Things must endeavor to accelerate this epoch P225, World Literatureis about recognition throughout the world, World Literature deals with enduring quality, and other countries, National literature is the literature produced Reacting to the French School, postwar scholars, collectively termed the "American School", sought to return the field to matters more directly concerned with literary criticism, de-emphasising the detective work and detailed historical research that the French School had demanded. The minimum total course units for graduation in this major is 34. Another common motif is bemoaning of the bygone past in lyrics. The American School was more closely aligned with the original internationalist visions of Goethe and Posnett (arguably reflecting the postwar desire for international cooperation), looking for examples of universal human "truths" based on the literary archetypes that appeared throughout literatures from all times and places. The core courses train students to appreciate the variety of meanings that texts acquire in different institutional and philosophical contexts and different socio-political frameworks. During the late 19th century, comparatists such as Fyodor Buslaev were chiefly concerned with deducing the purported Zeitgeist or "spirit of the times", which they assumed to be embodied in the literary output of each nation. Fill in the form below and well contact you to discuss your learning options and answer any questions you may have. For Exceptions, check thePolicy Statement. English is a common one that encompasses all literature written in English, literature as the major mode of literary creativity in the future, National literature does not national traditions. Giulia De Gasperi & Joseph Pivato (2018). and Serbian poetry as well as of his fascination with seeing how his own works For information about the General Education requirements, please visit the College of Arts & Sciences Curriculum page. For example, folklores have a common motif of a ugly woman becoming a charming princess. All Concentration courses to be chosen in consultation with the Undergraduate Chair. Goethe concept of Weltliteratur in several of his essays in the early decades of the Studying literature traditionally meant picking an academic department that reflects the nation state on a basically European model. The spoke with Eckermann about the excitement of reading Chinese novels and Persian If youre already a lover of languages, chances are you have a deep appreciation for different cultures as well. Literatureis about the commonalitiesbetweenall ed. The concentration in Comparative Literature at BU is designed for students whose interest in literature embraces works in multiple languages. of the particular work It is concerned mainly with the relations between a work and its ambience, which includes the authors, readers, reviewers and the social surroundings Influence and Reception Ulrich Weisstein has dedicated a separate chapter for Reception Studies under 'Influence Studies'. Yes, I would like to be contacted about special events, newsletters and program information. mid-1990s a lively debate has grown up concerning both the aesthetic and the The degree and major requirements displayed are intended as a guide for students entering in the Fall of 2022 and later. The field of Comparative Literature also endeavors, then, to overcome this division between the West and the Rest by combining the formal rigor of European literary studies with the interdisciplinary reach of area studies. Double majors may entail more course units. German comparative literature is being squeezed by the traditional philologies on the one hand and more vocational programmes of study on the other which seek to offer students the practical knowledge they need for the working world (e.g., 'Applied Literature'). There is a movement among comparativists in the United States and elsewhere to re-focus the discipline away from the nation-based approach with which it has previously been associated towards a cross-cultural approach that pays no heed to national borders. Comparative literature is the more widely used term in the United States, with many universities having comparative literature departments or comparative literature programs. We acknowledge that the world is interconnected. Comparative literature raises the question of whether you can ever truly study a single, national literature without knowing the foreign languages that influenced it. humanism, symbolism, etc, Levels of National Literature, political values and limitations of an emphasis on global processes over literary works in Europe, including works of non-Western origin, Goethes disciple Johann Peter literature), 2. Whats lost in translation is also lost in culture. Today, the French School practices the nation-state approach of the discipline although it also promotes the approach of a "European Comparative Literature". So, I live in Ireland, where the lingua franca Master and Margarita, Mikhal Burgakov (Russia), diverseliteratures in their relations with one another./ Comparative The publications from this school include, La Littrature Compare (1967) by C. Pichois and A.M. Rousseau, La Critique Littraire (1969) by J.-C. Carloni and Jean Filloux and La Littrature Compare (1989) by Yves Cheverel, translated into English as Comparative Literature Today: Methods & Perspectives (1995). While this makes communication easier, it also poses a risk not only of misinformation but also misunderstanding between cultures. National Literature, Bharathi and Walt Whitman - Comparative Literature, There are authors writing in the a larger number of countries, Introduction : Comparative Literature was established in France during the 19 th century as an academic discipline : France 1816 It reached America only during the 20 th century through the German scholars who migrated to America from Hitlers Germany The French School : In the French sense of Comparative Literature, it is the moral responsibility of every French Comparatist to trace and relate the world literary experience to the French literary response because , according to him, the French literature is the backbone of the universal literary system Therefore, they were interested in analysing the external sources and influence of works.
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