f%Y`V2+ and and The gas can be changed by switching valves as we have done for these initial experiments, or the sorbent bed can be moved between vessels. This property is exploited to boost the mobility of oil through geologic formations, resulting in significantly improved oil recovery at production wellbore. One stainless steel reactor was used for three steps consisting of sorption, regeneration, and cooling by switching valves between each step. Blast chillers, 4) shows the results of the regeneration process. CO2 (21) is collected from the sorbent regeneration system as a concentrated product. Experiment 1: For this experiment carbon dioxide was sorbed onto a molecular sieve at a flow rate of 50 liters per minute with ten percent being carbon dioxide and the remaining being nitrogen. In one embodiment there is provided, a method of capturing carbon dioxide from a combustion source exhaust where the carbon dioxide is captured with a sorbent bed such as a molecular sieve, preheated carbon dioxide is passed through the sorbed bed to free the trapped carbon dioxide, collection of the desorbed carbon dioxide for other applications, and regeneration of the sorbent bed with a cooling gas such as nitrogen to restart the cycle of carbon dioxide capture process. To cool a 1930 kg sorbent bed from 200 C. to 40 C. requires 330,416 kJ of heat removal, equivalent to 917.8 kW of thermal energy removal. Insulation covered the entire reactor. }mHi.m&-Y~-5E?OX,*\~Fbkao[E}#9bWh"lQ6i0G#s|aG"lB#. The following procedures may be employed for the recovery of carbon dioxide from internal combustion engines, gas turbines, or other combustion sources used as described in the present invention. Hot engine exhaust (9) is used to heat sorbent for removal of water that is cooled (15), collected in a reservoir (13), and then in part recovered and recycled (5) as feed to vessel (2) for displacement and recovery of CO2 product (8). CO2 Recovery Systems, Capturing carbon dioxide from combustion exhaust on an absorbent and then regenerating the absorbent for recovery, storage, use, or sequestration of concentrated carbon dioxide are described herein. For the example case in which a mass of 115.8 kg of CO2 is desorbed over a 6-minute period using twice the theoretical amount of water, a temperature rise of 135 C. would occur in a fully insulated vessel. generation, HYDROPHOBIC COMPOUND CAPTURE-APPARATUS MADE FROM BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS AND METHODS BASED THEREON, METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR IMPROVING HYDROGEN UTILIZATION RATE OF HYDROGENATION APPARATUS, METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ONLINE REPLACEMENT OF GAS TURBINE INLET AIR FILTER ELEMENTS, Absorbent and/or filter materials comprising open cell foams coated with photocatalytic titanium dioxide, and methods of making and using the same, METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR ABATING ELECTRONIC DEVICE MANUFACTURING TOOL EFFLUENT, REMODEL CONSTRUCTION AIR FILTER ASSEMBLY FOR A COLD AIR RETURN, IONIZATION AIR PURIFICATION SYSTEM FOR THE PASSENGER CABIN OF A VEHICLE, Curable Silicate-Siloxane Mixed Matrix Membrane Compositions, Composite gas separation membranes from perfluoropolymers, METHOD FOR TREATING A HYDROCARBON-RICH GAS MIXTURE CONTAINING MERCURY AND ACID GASES. After CO2 sorption in the first vessel, the absorption vessel (1) is configured to be operated as a regenerator vessel (2). Homogenizers, Natural gas or other fuel (16) is burned in combustion device (4) by air (17), producing hot combustion gas (18). It may be observed that the shortfall of some 450 kWt is only about 8 percent of the thermal output of the combustion system. For the example case described here, an amount of water equal to twice the ideal one molecule of water per molecule of carbon dioxide is injected as steam. Novel methods for capturing carbon dioxide from internal combustion engines, gas turbines, and other combustion sources operating on a wide range of gaseous, liquid, or solid fuels are described. In one embodiment the preheated carbon dioxide used to regenerate the bed and free the trapped carbon dioxide is heated using a portion of the thermal energy released by the combustion source. After the combustion gas exhausts vessel (3), it is cooled (15) to a temperature preferably below dew point to remove most of the water vapor (by indirect heat exchange and/or active refrigeration). The gas composition sensor and gas chromatograph used for calculations were also commercially available. In one embodiment for recovering carbon dioxide, the method shown in FIG. CO2 Recovery Systems, The total available thermal power from cooling the combustion exhaust gas from 600 C. to 300 C. is about 759 kW. Therefore, some supplemental heating energy input would be required to fully remove water from the absorbent under this example condition. Note also that any CO2 remaining in the exhaust gas after absorption of CO2 will be sorbed during the cooling step, thereby enabling nearly complete capture of CO2 from the exhaust source. Compressed gases used to comprise simulated combustion source exhaust gases were available from a commercial supplier as well. Mass flow meters and controllers were used to adjust and measure the flow rate of the carbon dioxide/nitrogen gas mixture. During regeneration of CO2 by H2O, heat will be generated by H2O sorption onto the sorbent. Enhanced oil recovery is one of the largest markets for recovered carbon dioxide. One stainless steel reactor was used for the four steps consisting of sorption, regeneration by water addition, water removal, and cooling by switching valves between each step. After desorption of the CO2 (2), the sorbent bed (3) is cooled as depicted in vessel (3) with a flow of dry nitrogen. The ideal case would require a ratio of 18 grams of water per 44 grams of carbon dioxide to be released. We'll sign you in! Micro-winery systems, Pioneer Energy offers the opportunity for craft brewers to join the ranks of the nation's major breweries in recovering their fermentation CO2, Supplier of: During absorption of the dry exhaust gas as described above, heat is generated such that if the starting temperature of the absorbent bed were 40 C., the average temperature would be 97 C. after absorbing CO2 in an amount of 6 percent by weight of absorbed CO2. Brewery tanks, Dry, cool combustion gas (12) collected in this manner is passed through a blower (11) to provide a pressure boost to overcome pressure drop in sorbent vessel (1). The second method is described here by following the flow path of combustion source exhaust through the four-bed system. and The CO2 released upon H2O addition is nearly pure, with only small amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, and other trace gases present from interstitial spaces between sorbent particles or released from sorbent upon water addition. Mash tuns, Optimization of the absorbent selection, vessel configuration, cycle time, and other parameters would likely lead to reduced supplemental thermal energy input requirements for the H2O regeneration method. Nitrogen was flowed at 100 liters per minute to cool the sorbent bed. If such combustion gas exhaust at 1600 C. were cooled by transfer of heat to the absorbent bed to 300 C., sufficient heat would be generated to satisfy the thermal energy requirements for the H2O regeneration procedure. The CO2 depleted gas exhausting from sorption vessel (1) is cooled and directed through the cooling vessel (3). 13) and then cooled quickly to ready for another cycle (FIG. In the preferred approach, the moisture-free, and CO2 depleted gas is cooled and recycled through the sorbent bed to cool its temperature from about 200 C. to 40 C. in preparation for the next sorption cycle. Experiment 4: The final experiment for this method repeats the previous experiment to demonstrate the ability of regenerating the sorbent bed after sorption for multiple cycles. This first chart (FIG. & Terms of Use. The following procedures may be employed for the recovery of carbon dioxide from internal combustion engines or gas turbines used as described in the present invention. Under these regulations, it may not be possible to operate coal fired power plants at all unless a substantial fraction of their carbon dioxide emissions can be captured. 5) shows the results of the cooling process. With continued use of fossil fuels, capturing carbon dioxide emissions directly from the source of combustion could reduce its effect on our planet and its inhabitants. 2004-2022 FreePatentsOnline.com. For a gas consisting essentially of nitrogen, and with an average cooling gas inlet temperature of 20 C. and an average outlet temperature of 120 C., a recirculating flow of 421,041 SLPM is needed over a six minute cycle time to satisfy the cooling requirement. XpVGmkm o]RJyTgu(idA:+!WA%!C^$(mbr~%d89xt1)TxI{G- l2iBIvp&dE$m/!#g>M?S{nH-|`'R+`'ex!v5%v5?slACG__Z6%DD#YZ/I/|n!L 7,hu#:g9I~H' `; endstream endobj 152 0 obj <>stream The cooling air should be of low humidity to prevent absorption of H2O that could reduce the absorbent capacity for CO2 during the next sorption cycle. Because the combustion source exhaust temperature is greater than 400 C. and as much as 600 C. or more, the recirculating CO2 gas stream can be used to heat the sorbent bed (2) to the desired temperature of greater than 200 C. A recycle blower (15) is used to recirculate the CO2 used for regeneration at a rate that achieves the desired sorbent bed (2) temperature rise in a time period matching that used for CO2 sorption in vessel (1). A heat exchanger (8) transfers thermal energy from the exhaust gas (18). 7 Experiment 2: Regeneration Results, FIG. Remaining water is discharged from the system (14). Roughly similar results would be obtained with natural gas or other hydrocarbon fuels. Air is passed through a fourth vessel (4) to cool the sorbent prior to initiating the next process cycle. 2 illustrates the sorption of CO2 and the subsequent recovery of nearly pure CO2 using a water or steam regeneration method. As a basis for a thermal analysis, a three-bed system such as that depicted in FIG. An important aspect of the present invention is a process for recovering carbon dioxide from combustion exhaust gases. The flow to the infrared sensor was controlled using a rotameters set to 0.5 liters per minute. A LabView control system was used to control and monitor the system. 1. 147 0 obj <> endobj 172 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<66977977B7694A8F8728DA20CE245C44>]/Index[147 42]/Info 146 0 R/Length 112/Prev 147051/Root 148 0 R/Size 189/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream The combustion CO2 recovery system operates with continuous gas flow from the engine or turbine, but the flow path is routed as required as each of the four vessels cycles through the absorption (vessel 1), regeneration (vessel 2), water removal (vessel 3), and cooling (vessel 4) steps described herein. Water addition to a sorbent bed releases nearly pure CO2 as H2O displaces sorbed CO2. A commercially-available molecular sieve adsorbent used was used for experiments described herein. In EOR, carbon dioxide is miscible with oil at elevated pressure. For simplicity, the combustion source was considered to be pure methane. Optionally, a desiccant drying bed can be installed after the heat exchanger/cooler and inlet of vessel (1). Transfer pumps, National Refrigeration Products (NRP), located in Langhorne, PA, is a leading manufacturer of refrigerant recovery and recycling equipment, including small portable units and large industrial/commercial machines. Key components include a CO2 sorption vessel (1), a CO2 recovery vessel (2), a water removal vessel (3), and a cooling vessel (4). The dark grey shows the mass percent loading of CO2 on the molecular sieve during the sorption process. A heat exchanger (10) is used to further cool combustion gases prior to moisture removal. Reactor system set-up: To simulate the entire system, dry carbon dioxide blended with nitrogen from pressurized cylinders was used instead of combustion source exhaust. The cooling gas flow direction is ideally opposite that used for regeneration, although this is not critical to the overall results obtained. The engine or turbine uses air to combust the fuel, resulting in exhaust gas consisting mostly of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. 1 illustrates the sorption of CO2 and the subsequent recovery of nearly pure CO2 with simultaneous regeneration of the sorbent material using a hot CO2 regeneration method. In this mode, using a recycle blower (15), a recirculating stream using of CO2 gas is used to heat the sorbent to a temperature greater than about 200 C. in order to release sorbed CO2. On a smaller scale, heat losses to the surroundings would be appreciable. Browse suppliers listings, read reviews, and view product catalogs, Get answers from knowledgable peers in your business community, Store and organize all your supplier conversations, quotes, and invoices in one convenient place. As CO2 is displaced by sorbed water, a heat of desorption of 44.9 kJ/mol will cause a temperature drop. This is equivalent to 1206 kW of thermal power over the six minute cycle time. )\6B}44Sc^&czb^kgs>Eo)wR,O^^1=Mc_c('S?YX.CNs The cooled exhaust gas is next passed through a pressure boost blower (11) prior to introduction to vessel (1), the CO2 sorption column. You need to be a member of SHIFT to leave a review. The scouting experiments verified that CO2 could be released from the molecular sieve upon introduction of water. At this temperature, water vapor contained in the combustion source exhaust is not further absorbed. Sterilizing equipment, Supplier of: and Surge tanks (9) and (13) are used to facilitate system pressure control for recycled gases. This would bring the absorbent temperature from 97 C. to 232 C. The next step after regeneration of CO2 by H2O is to remove the water used to displace CO2 from the absorbent. %PDF-1.6 % Brewing filtration, CO2 Recovery Systems, Experiment 3: For an optimized process, the regeneration and cooling steps would ideally match the time cycle of the sorption step. The combustion source or turbine exhaust gas passes through a series of three identical vessels (1, 2, 3) after temperature and flow adjustments as shown in FIG. This is a member-only area. O7o}7c7YXBk1]|PN0Pu-gZ{VYmece%rN9|u]Rs9PR+QBOS)x The indirect heat exchange between exhaust gas and recirculating CO2 can be accomplished in part or in full via a gas-to-gas heat exchanger. The absorbent in vessel (1) preferentially sorbs CO2 (as well as residual moisture contained in the dried exhaust gas). In one embodiment, the present invention captures carbon dioxide from internal combustion engines, gas turbines, and other combustion sources operating on a wide range of gaseous, liquid, or solid fuels. 1 Process flow diagram of sorption/hot CO2 regeneration system, FIG. 4 Experiment 1: Regeneration Results, FIG. 3) shows the results of the sorption process. hr8wG=0. PvK?;Niy=G8mn#d c1PL0'Fq@Jl&I&14>xd The air can be introduced as a one-pass flow or as a recirculating flow with cooling after each pass. Provisional Application No. FIG. The engine or turbine uses air (17) to combust the fuel (16), resulting in exhaust gas (18) consisting mostly of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. For the regeneration process, pre-heated carbon dioxide at a flow rate of 100 liters per minute was then used to remove the sorbed carbon dioxide from the sorption bed. The calculation assumes an absorbent heat capacity of 1.07 kJ/kg-C. Water or preferably steam (5) is used to recover carbon dioxide (8) sorbed from the combustion source exhaust rather than hot CO2 as in the first method. FIG. Heat input to raise the absorbent temperature from 232 C. to 250 C. is 37,855 kJ. After removing water, the resulting dry exhaust gas would contain 11.73 volume % CO2 and 88.27 volume % N2. A LabView control system was used to control and monitor the system. This temperature is calculated from the adiabatic temperature rise of sorbent resulting from the release of 44.9 kiloJoules (kJ) of energy per mole (44 grams) of CO2 sorbed. This is because the lower amount of heat required to remove H2O is offset by the greater amount of heat to raise the temperature of the absorbent (which does not heat as much with lower H2O additions. A blower (14) is used to recycle cooled nitrogen-rich gas to cool sorbent in vessel (3). Tap handles, In another embodiment for recovering carbon dioxide, the method shown in FIG. By heating the sorbent to a sufficient temperature (greater than about 200 C.), the sorbed CO2 in vessel (2) is released and collected in nearly pure gaseous form. An infrared CO2 sensor was located on a slipstream off an exhaust flow meter and dry test meter. In one embodiment a supply of CO2 used to regenerate said molecular sieve is stored in a surge tank, and drawn from a source including but not limited to the combustion source exhaust. f%Y`V2+ Operating cycle times for absorption, regeneration, water removal, and cooling are identical so that the combustion source or turbine exhaust gases are always directed to one of the four vessels while in CO2 sorption mode. A flow rate of 500,000 standard cubic feet per day (SCFD), or 14,158,000 standard liters per day (SLPD), or 9832 standard liters per minute (SLPM), or 19.3 kilograms per minute of CO2 produced from a combustion source was used for the thermal analysis presented below. For this temperature rise to occur in the 6 minute cycle time, a total energy input of 330,874 kJ is required (118,169 kJ to release sorbed CO2 and 212,705 kJ to heat the absorbent particles). Scouting Experiments: A series of experiments was run to establish procedures and preliminary results of the effectiveness of using liquid water and steam to displace the CO2 sorbed onto molecular sieve 5A. The CO2 absorbing vessel is designed to remove a high percentage of CO2 from the exhaust gas (greater than 50 percent and preferably 90 percent or more). Each absorbent bed contains 1930 kilograms of sorbent to accommodate the specified six minute cycle time. Carbonation units. 9) stayed at 50 liters per minute but the regeneration (FIG. The CO2 recovery system operates with continuous gas flow (18) from the combustion source, but the flow path is routed as required as each of the three vessels cycles through the sorption (1), regeneration (2), and cooling (3) steps described herein. After displacing nitrogen present in interstitial spaces between absorbent particles, the exhaust gas contained 100 percent CO2. CO2 released from the absorbent was directly measured upon water addition, and the absorbent was regenerated as evidenced by its ability to sorb CO2 during subsequent experiments.
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