Hello, I am looking for the Owners who had a large group of Slaves in Columbia and Union County, Arkansas, The person of interest was from James and John Peters who once was a slave owners in this area and the Man who came from the Plantation of Peters was Dawson Peters, he was born in 1825 in South Carolina and may have come from a different Plantation before Peters who moved from South Carolina. By the 1870 census, the white population of Arkansas County was almost Durning, Dan. In an effort to protect the interests of depositors and their heirs in the event of a depositors death, the branches of what is generally referred to as the Freedmans Bank collected a substantial amount of detailed information about each depositor and his or her family. Online at https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2044/ (accessed April 28, 2021). Before presuming an African American was a slave Bondwomen on Arkansass Cotton Frontier: Migration, Labor, Family, and Resistance among an Exploited Class. In Arkansas Women: Their Lives and Times, edited by Cherisse Jones-Branch and Gary T. Edwards. Sevier County Slaves & Their Owners James Jr. and his brothers and mother, inherited slaves at the death of fatherand it is probable that some of those people came to Arkansas with James Clardy, Jr. Slaves of the State Many people have the mistaken impression that slavery was outlawed or abolished in the United States after the civil war by the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment. Those held in slavery usually lived in small log or lumber cabins in separate quarters from their white enslavers, although some might live with their owner on a small holding. Zorn, Roman J. 53) reportedly includes a total of 4,921 slaves. The patrol, upon which all adult white men served periodically, policed the countryside, punishing enslaved people who were off a farm or plantation without a pass, searching for runaways, and ensuring against slave revolts and other forms of resistance. Field slaves then labored at building and repairing fences, clearing land, and performing a wide variety of other plantation chores. Required fields are marked *. Slavery served primarily to provide labor for the states economy, and the enslaved added greatly to its development. The weekly newspaper advertisements placed by owners attempting to recover runaway slaves clearly indicated the dissatisfaction of the enslaved with their condition and a willingness to risk extreme punishment to get away. Freed slaves, if listed in the next census, in 1870, would have been reported with their full name, including If your ancestor was a free black during that time he would be found in the general 1850 and 1860 census, instead of the slave schedules. Thompson, George H. Slavery in the Mountains: Yell County, Arkansas, 18401860. Arkansas Historical Quarterly 39 (Spring 1980): 3552. The first people enslaved by Europeans entered what was to become Arkansas in about 1720, when settlers moved into the John Law colony on land given to them on the lower Arkansas River by the king of France. Although slavery clearly touched the lives of many white Arkansans, most slave-owners possessed only a few. When a tribute gift is given the honoree will receive a letter acknowledging your generosity and a bookplate will be placed in a book. The removal of thousands of white men from the countryside weakened the hold of masters on those in slavery. In some cases, the supplements came from plantation gardens. later, the County was listed as having 17,584 whites, over a four fold increase, but the 1960 total of 5,757 "Negroes"was the same at 3,982, while the "colored" population had decreased over 14% to 4,212. American chattel slavery was a unique institution that emerged in the English colonies in America in the seventeenth century. Excluding slaves, the 1860 U.S. population was 27,167,529, with about 1 in 70 being a slaveholder. (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years Stafford, L. Scott. As the enslaved population grew, it also constituted a larger and larger portion of the total population, growing from eleven percent in 1820 to twenty-five percent by 1860. The process of publication of slaveholder names beginning with larger slaveholders will enable naming of the holders of the most slaves with the least amount of transcription work. that can found at http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/census/ . Large Slaveholders of 1860 Published information giving names of slaveholders and numbers of slaves held is almost non-existent. Little Rock: Butler Center Books, 2018. 2022 Encyclopedia of Arkansas. It is estimated by this transcriber that in 1860, slaveholders of 200 or more slaves, while constituting less than 1 % of the total number of U.S. slaveholders, or 1 out of 7,000 free persons, held 20-30% of the total number of slaves in the U.S. Slaves were The transcriber noticed no such slave on this Enter your email address to subscribe to this website and receive notifications of new posts by email. An Arkansas Fugitive Slave Incident and Its International Repercussions. Arkansas Historical Quarterly 16 (Summer 1957): 139149. OnGenealogy is a directory of family history tools and resources. names of plantations in this County with the names of the large holders on this list should not be a difficult research task, but States that saw significant increases in One negro, Sarah one horse named Collier, one cow and one calf named Pink: Slave Records from the Arkansas River Valley. Arkansas Historical Quarterly 69 (Winter 2010): 325345. Additional support provided by the Charles M. and Joan R. Taylor Foundation Inc. In the first official U.S. census of Arkansas as the District of Louisiana in 1810, the census takers found 188 slaves in a total population of 1,062 people. Linking . The term "County" is used to describe the main subdivisions of the State by which The diet was barely adequate, as the death rate of the enslaved relative to whites showed. Slavery in Washington County, Arkansas, 18281860. MA thesis, University of Arkansas, 1995. 17,000 (6,400%). Arkansas Slave Narratives The Writers Unit of the Library of Congress Project processes material left over from or not needed for publication by the state Writers Projects. Corporate Information | Privacy | Terms and Conditions | CCPA Notice at Collection. Where did freed slaves go if they did not stay in Arkansas? 1,000 acres or more, the largest size category enumerated in the census, and another 307 farms of 500-999 acres. Ancestry.com and our loyal RootsWeb community. Historian Orville Taylor estimated that roughly one in four white Arkansans either owned slaves or lived in families that did. U.S. On the other hand, the slave death rate was thirty percent higher than that of the states free population. Slaverys Origins in Arkansas World War I Draft Cards Records of nearly 2 million black men (ages 18-45) who registered for the WWI draft in 1917 and 1918African American Photo Collection Thousands of photos showing African Americans throughout American historySouthern Claims Commission Records Roughly 23,000 claims filed by Southerners who sought compensation for property seized by the Union Army, Your email address will not be published. Fugitives from Injustice: Freedom-Seeking Slaves in Arkansas, 18001860. 100 Rock Street Pulaski County saw an increase of 10,000 in the colored population in those ten years, but no other County in the State on the 1860 census, the free census for 1860 should be checked, as almost 11% of African Americans were enumerated as Taylor, Orville W. Negro Slavery in Arkansas. Slave cabins usually had dirt floors, contained very little furniture, and perhaps even lacked doors and windows. & GOODMAN, S., 138 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 1B (out of sequence), DUNN?, William T.?, 77 slaves, Old River Twp., page 21B, FLETCHER, Thomas, 81 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 4B, FOSTER, Robert C., 73 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 16, GARRATT, Samuel G., 70 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 8, GOODLOW, John Calvin?, 67 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 2 (out of sequence), GORCE?, James L., 57 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 10B, HORTON, Edward C., 228 slaves, Cilimont? Slavery and Secession in Arkansas: A Documentary History. research techniques involving all obtainable records of the holder. The last U.S. census slave schedules were enumerated by County in 1860 and included 393,975 named persons holding 3,950,546 unnamed slaves, or an average of about ten slaves per holder. Colored Troops regiments during the Civil War.Freedmens Bureau Records The records of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands include some unusual but valuable items marriage certificates of recently freed slaves and registers and other records containing information about slave families. Orville W. Taylor has shown that average prices in Arkansas rose from $105 in the 1820s to nearly $900 by 1860, taking into account children as well as adults. Thanks for visiting! listed. The Civil War and the End of Slavery The data found in the files provide researchers with a rare opportunity to document the black family for the period immediately following the Civil War. . Rate and review titles you borrow and share your opinions on them. Plantation names were not shown on the census. can be difficult because the name of a plantation may have been changed through the years and because the sizeable number A religious life also developed within the slave community, especially variations on Protestant Christianity. Slavery and the Defining of Arkansas. Arkansas Historical Quarterly 58 (Spring 1999): 123. Published information giving names of slaveholders and numbers of slaves held in Arkansas County, Arkansas, in 1860, is either non-existent or not readily available. Major support provided through a partnership with the Arkansas Department of Parks & Tourism. Twenty counties were created after 1860 from parts of earlier counties; therefore, not every county existing today is shown on the chart. free in 1860, with about half of those living in the southern States. Efforts at reuniting family members who had been separated by masters and at legalizing marriages at the end of the Civil War demonstrate the importance of family to those held in bondage. Slavery and the Creation of Arkansas Territory: A Reconsideration. Arkansas Historical Quarterly 78 (Autumn 2019): 231247. Prior to the Louisiana Purchase, there were few slaves in Arkansas; after 1836 though, the numbers increased as white settlement moved west from the South-East.Most slaves resided in the agricultural areas, especially the early plantations, however, there were slave owners, and hence slaves, in every county in Arkansas at one time or another prior to the Reconstruction period. Estimates of the number of former slaves who used the precise comparison, the affect of the boundary changes should be fully calculated. In 1850, the slave census was also separate from the free census, but in earlier years it was a part of the free census. They often could secure concessions from masters or overseers by sabotaging crops or outright defiance against their demands. showed a significant increase. Though the census schedules speak in terms of "slave owners", the transcriber has chosen to use the L.?, 68 slaves, Old River Twp., page 23B, SHARED?, William C., 95 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 3B, SMITH, Emily, Wid., 70 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 5, SMITH, Thomas, 86 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 10, WILBOURN, Elizabeth C., 55 slaves, Polk Twp., page 26B, WILKERSON, Isaac, 50 slaves, Arkansas Twp., page 30, WILLIAMS, Joseph R., 144 slaves, Old River Twp., page 20B. Enslaved peoples were held involuntarily as property by slave owners who controlled their labor and freedom. Omaha, NE: National Park Service, 2006. However, the data should be checked for the particular surname to see the extent of the matching. Ultimately, however, the successful movement of Union forces into Arkansas in 1862 saw thousands of people flee slavery to secure freedom behind federal lines, and Union victory in 1865 ensured their ultimate freedom. Enslaved adults with skills such as carpentry or blacksmithing could bring enormous prices, with some such slaves costing as high as $2,800. Bondswomens Work on the Cotton Frontier: Wagram Plantation, Arkansas. Agricultural History 89 (Summer 2015): 388401. Little Rock, AR. All blacks were enumerated after 1870 in the general census. Adventures. About Us | Contact Us | Copyright | Report Inappropriate Material (function(){window['__CF$cv$params']={r:'7330a81b4dda7e38',m:'xcetOcBWZmi.WKFBDLCpnK.lOaXQyj1SJ0IagZFhq6M-1659210976-0-AcV2fqV63QlpSoBPLrmNna90IJKJosTNnT9JKbEv8kO2qVX0YTwY4da6XlR0ThIio5YNyiKd72ZRrLF2ktBaN+M2wAnIJICHW0TDYHXHQ/nVc1TdZItkolXAcZtCdbusdnauO5Js458ocS+xv0+QeVw=',s:[0x266b7523ae,0x1b04c308ae],}})(); RootsWeb is funded and supported by . Colored Troops Records Records of the more than 178,000 men who served in the U.S. White Fear of Black Rebellion in Antebellum Arkansas, 18191865. In The Elaine Massacre and Arkansas: A Century of Atrocity and Resistance, 18191919, edited by Guy Lancaster. Among the most underused bodies of federal records useful for African American genealogical research are the records of the Freedmans Savings and Trust Company. Additional support provided by the Arkansas Community Foundation. A relatively large slave holding would have been ten people, a work force valued at about $9,000 on the average in 1859, an amount equal to approximately $200,000 in 2002. Slaves quickly transformed the beliefs of their masters, however, into a faith emphasizing equality before God and ultimate release from slavery. Even though it defined people held in slavery as less than human, the law recognized the enslaved as a unique form of property. LARGEST SLAVEHOLDERS FROM 1860 SLAVE CENSUS SCHEDULES, SURNAME MATCHES FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS. The Peculiar Institution on the Periphery: Slavery in Arkansas. PhD diss., University of Arkansas, 2014. FORMAT. . Using plantation names to locate ancestors It is possible to locate a free person on the Arkansas County, Arkansas census for 1860 and not know whether that person was also listed as a slaveholder on the slave census, because published indexes almost always do not include the slave census. Following the holder list Encyclopedia of Arkansas Through that decade, convinced that a rising Republican Party in the North threatened the future of the institution, leading Arkansas politicians joined others from the South in demanding protection of slavery and threatening a disruption of the Union if the institutions future was not guaranteed. An additional source of information for researchers after 1865 are the Freedmens Bureau records. It is possible to locate an ancestor on a U.S. census for 1860 or earlier and not realize that ancestor was also listed as a slaveholder on the slave schedules, because published indexes almost always do not include the slave census. On file in the Washington office in August, 1939, was a large body of slave narratives, photographs of former slaves, interviews with white informants regarding slavery, transcripts of laws, advertisements, records of sale, transfer, and manumission of slaves, and other documents. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2006. Online at https://lawrepository.ualr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1729&context=lawreview (accessed April 20, 2021). enumeration. All hands went back into the fields in August, however, when picking began and stayed there often until the end of the year. term "slaveholder" rather than "slave owner", so that questions of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be However, it has been republished by the University of Arkansas Press, and is more widely available. . the census was enumerated. Howard, Rebecca A. MIGRATION OF FORMER SLAVES: According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Arkansas County population included Arkansas Slaveholdings and Slaveholders in 1850. Arkansas Historical Quarterly 12 (Spring 1953): 3873. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Henry Jacobis Brace Deed: Helping Seven Escaped Slaves as the Confederacy Ended in Little Rock. Pulaski County Historical Review 69 (Summer 2021): 5764. only about one sixth more than what the colored population had been 100 years before.) 2d ed. Escape of a Slave.: An Account of the Flight of Nelson Hackett, May 27, 1842. Arkansas Historical Quarterly 79 (Summer 2020): 133141. If the ancestor is not on this list, the 1860 slave census microfilm can be viewed to find out whether the ancestor was a holder of a fewer number of slaves or not a slaveholder at all. Jackson Countians Value Slavery. Stream of History 53 (2020): 1223. Hancox, Louise M. Picturing a Nation Divided: Art, American Identity, and the Crisis over Slavery. PhD diss., University of Arkansas, 2018. The register kept at Fort Smith shows no information about the individuals who were married beyond their name, age, and residence. Lankford, George E. Austins Secret: An Arkansas Slave at the Supreme Court. Arkansas Historical Quarterly 74 (Spring 2015): 5673. Lankford, George E., ed. the township where the slaves were enumerated, the name of the township and the first census page on which they were The Law colony failed within two years, but a small number of inhabitants, including some who probably were enslaved, remained in the area for the rest of the French and Spanish territorial periods. This meant that they had no legal identity of their own, making it impossible for them to engage in contractual relations for labor, business, or even marriage. O.?, 58 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 12, DUBOSE, Alfred B. C., 113 slaves, Old River Twp., page 22, DULIAN?, Price? By the eighteenth century, slavery had assumed racial tones as white colonists had come to consider only Africans who had been brought to the Americas as peoples who could be enslaved.
Trina Turk Maxi Dress On Sale, Hammond Collection T Rex Big Bad Toy Store, Karcher K2 Quick Connect Adapter, Willa Arlo Interiors Bedroom Furniture, Puff Sleeve Linen Mini Dress, Norwegian Language Camp For Adults, University Of Arkansas Printing, Brunello Cucinelli Jacket Sale, How Much Are Blue Jays Tickets Behind Home Plate,
