The play describes the volatile courtship between the shrewish Katharina (Kate) and the canny Petruchio, who is determined to … Katherine finally had to pull Petruchio off Grumio, while the horses all ran away. The swaggering Petruchio agrees to marry the spitting hellcat, Katherine. Other scenes take place in Petruchio’s country house and on the road between there and Lucentio’s house. With Jamie Beamish, Michael Bertenshaw, Sarah MacRae, Simon Paisley Day. And the look of the thing is beautiful: Zeffirelli brings his mastery of opera's larger than life visuals to bear upon the project, and the result is eye-popping production values, most particularly in reference to the costuming. The Taming of the Shrew is a play within a play by Shakespeare.It’s a story told by a man, Sly, in an alehouse in England, and his story is set in Padua, Italy – in a public square, in Baptista’s house, and in Lucentio’s house. Faith, he is gone unto the taming-school. The Taming of the Shrew is a comic play written by William Shakespeare around 1590 and first published in 1898. When Hortensio warns him about Katharina's scolding tongue and fiery temper, Petruchio is challenged and resolves to capture her love. The sound is also quite good. The Taming of the Shrew In the English countryside, a poor tinker named Christopher Sly becomes the target of a prank by a local lord. If a woman wants a man to be in charge does that make her an enemy of the feminist? Her hostility toward suitors particularly distresses her father. But Baptista will not allow the two to get married until his eldest daughter, the extremely headstrong... See full summary », Baptista (Sir Michael Hordern), a rich Paduan merchant, announces that his fair young daughter, Bianca (Natasha Pyne), will remain unwed until her older sister, Katharina (Dame Elizabeth Taylor), a hellish shrew, has wed. Lucentio (Michael York), a student and the son of a wealthy Pisan merchant, has fallen in love with Bianca. However, an earlier version of the play, entitled The Taming of a Shrew, was published in 1594.Many scholars have debated the relationship between the 1594 play and the more familiar work of 1623. Study Guides. Featuring the tumultuous relationship of Petruchio and the headstrong Katherina, this popular comedy goes beyond courtship to explore what happens after a determined man marries a woman who refuses to be tamed. Hard to do from a centuries old work that has very little in the way of director's notes! King Henry VIII of England discards one wife, Catharine of Aragon, who has failed to produce a male heir, in favor of the young and beautiful Anne Boleyn. Instead of helping Katherine up, Petruchio beat Grumio, whom he blamed for the horse falling. BIONDELLO O master, master, I have watch'd so long That I am dog-weary: but at last I spied Hortensio (Victor Spinetti), another suitor of Bianca, directs Petruchio's attention to Katharina. Drama, Certificate: Passed what, is there such a place? Comedy. Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton sparkle and amuse in Shakespeare's fiercely funny battle of the sexes. Hard to do from a centuries old work that has very little in the way of director's notes! Without the exactly correct actor, it loses half it's punch as it relies on the facial expressions that will translate the words into feeling. The Taming of the Shrew although it does contain episodes that are misogynistic to modern ears does portray a couple truly in love. The Taming of the Shrew Starring Joseph Arkley & Claire Price One of Shakespeare's most problematic plays is flipped on its head in this gender-swapping adaptation from the Royal Shakespeare Company, where a matriarchal society dominates 1590's Britain. Although it is impossible to date The Taming of the Shrew exactly, evidence marks it as one of Shakespeare's earliest comedies, written most likely in the late 1580s or early 1590s. Katherine, THE TAMING OF THE SHREW. More than just worth watching: worth owning.GFT, Amazon Reviewer. Written by Find the quotes you need to support your essay, or refresh your memory of the play by reading these key quotes. Here we meet Christopher Sly, a tinker by trade and a drunk by avocation. TRANIO Ay, mistress, and Petruchio is the master; That teacheth tricks eleven and twenty long, To tame a shrew and charm her chattering tongue. A play is staged for Sly—the play that we know as The Taming of … However, Alfredo's father, Giorgio, starts to interfere, concerned... See full summary ». The Taming of the Shrew The Taming of the Shrew was first published in the 1623 First Folio, and that text is generally the source for subsequent editions. Induction, Scene 2: A bedchamber in the Lord's house. Quick The Taming of the Shrew Info. Hortensio (Victor Spinetti), another suitor of Bianca, directs Petruchio's attention to Katharina. As an early play Shakespeare is beginning to find his own voice. A cynical Welsh hotel owner secretly romances a diplomat's wife in Haiti, under the violent reign of the despot "Papa Doc" Duvalier. The Taming of the Shrew is in fact a play within a play. and Lucentio. The picture has the occasional blemish, most often in the opening titles and closing credits, but on the whole it is remarkable, showing every detail of every set and every costume to fine effect. Petruchio, Get ready to write your essay on The Taming of the Shrew. In the Shakespeare chronology, Shrew appears to have been written about 8-10 years before Much Ado About Nothing (1598), another comedy to which it is often compared. The supporting cast, which includes a young Michael York, is also very fine, and when all is said and done the 1964 THE TAMING OF THE SHREW is a tremendous amount of fun even if you don't like Shakespeare.The DVD transfer is very nice. He poses as a tutor of music and poetry to gain entrance to the Baptista household and to be near Bianca. The film was directed by Franco Zeffirelli and stars Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton as Shakespeare's Kate and Petruchio. Meanwhile, Petruchio (Richard Burton), a fortune-hunting scoundrel from Verona, arrives in Padua, hoping to capture a wealthy wife. The Taming of The Shrew raises issues about female desire: Do women really want a man to tell them what to do and take charge or is an equal partnership something they should be striving for? Here's where you'll find analysis about the play as a whole. The Taming of the Shrew (Folger Shakespeare Library) Mass Market Paperback – Illustrated, January 1, 2004 by William Shakespeare (Author), Dr. Barbara A. Mowat (Editor), Paul Werstine Ph.D. (Editor) 511 ratings Part of: Folger Shakespeare Library (22 Books) Hortensio and another suitor of Bianca, Gremio (Alan Webb), agree to cover Petruchio's costs as he pursues Katharina. View production, box office, & company info. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. The Taming of the Shrew can be read as a satirical portrayal of upper-class arrogance. Fortunately for Bianca, Petruchio is in need of money, and he is more than willing to marry Kate, no matter how resistant Kate herself is to the whole idea.Shakespeare's original script has been trimmed here and there, and while purists may scream about it the result not only works for film, it also manages to capture the flavor of Shakespeare's language much better than any other film version of SHREW both before or since. ACT V. The ending of the play is easy to (mis)interpret in the most superficial manner, which makes it easy for Elizabethan as well as most modern lunkheads to go home after the play and live with themselves. Which Shakespeare Play Has the Best Film Adaptations? alfiehitchie, In Italy, Franco Zeffirelli is best known for his work in grand opera, and he brought all his experience in this larger than life art form to bear upon the two films for which he is best known, the 1968 ROMEO AND JULIET and the 1967 THE TAMING OF THE SHREW.Scholars usually consider Shakespeare's THE TAMING OF THE SHREW to be among the playwrights lesser works, but it has been an audience favorite since its first known performance in 1594. Baptista (Sir Michael Hordern), a rich Paduan merchant, announces that his fair young daughter, Bianca (Natasha Pyne), will remain unwed until her older sister, Katharina (Dame Elizabeth Taylor), a hellish shrew, has wed. Lucentio (Michael York), a student and the son of a wealthy Pisan merchant, has fallen in love with Bianca. View all and in-depth analyses of A free-spirited single mother forms a connection with the wedded headmaster of an Episcopalian boarding school in Monterey, California. The Taming of the Shrew is a particularly complicated example of Shakespeare’s construction of a dramatic world in that he creates one world in what we call the “Induction”—a world inhabited by an English beggar and an English lord and his attendants—and then creates a second, Italian, world for the main body of the play. Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? The “shrew” of the play’s title, Katherine, or Kate, is the daughter of Baptista Minola, with whom she lives in Padua. Sad to say, there is really nothing in the way of bonus material, but the film is the thing, and Taylor, Burton, York, and Zefirelli do it up brown. The play as we have it today comes from the First Folio of 1623. The Taming of the Shrew, comedy in five acts by William Shakespeare, written sometime in 1590–94 and first printed in the First Folio of 1623. Explores the confrontation between the woman who has everything, including emptiness, and a penniless poet who has nothing but the ability to fill a wealthy woman's needs. Burton, of course, was accustomed to the classics in general and Shakespeare in particular, and he plays with tremendous bravado. The Taming of the Shrew does not end with a marriage but observes several as the play goes on. It takes the play, blows the dust off it, and presents it as it was originally meant to be seen--based on the Italian Commedia dell'arte. Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt experiences both triumph and tragedy as she attempts to resist the imperial ambitions of Rome. Brutish, fortune-hunting scoundrel Petruchio tames his wealthy, shrewish wife, Katharina. Continue your study of The Taming of the Shrew with these useful links. The Taming of the Shrew is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1590 and 1592. Title: (1967). Taming of the Shrew, RSC, 2003 Act 1, Scene 1: Padua.A public place. The Taming of the Shrew The Taming of the Shrew is a comic play written by William Shakespeare around 1590 and first published in 1898. After the lovers run away together, they live in bliss for a short time. About The Taming of the Shrew. She is sharp-tongued, quick-tempered, and prone to violence, particularly against anyone who tries to marry her. Was this review helpful to you? Written between 1590 and 1592, Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew is a comedy about the unconventional marriage between Petruchio and Katherine. He knows that to tame his shrew is to make her happy for a whole lifetime. This version of Shakespeare's THE TAMING OF THE SHREW is marvelous great fun. The Taming of the Shrew opens with an Induction. The main plot depicts the courtship of Petruchio and … The play begins with a rich lord playing a prank on an unsuspecting, low-class drunkard. Available Taming of the Shrew is a funny work but hard to perform. Meanwhile, Petruchio (Richard Burton), a fortune-hunting scoundrel from Verona, arrives in Padua, hoping to capture a wealthy wife. He poses as a tutor of music and poetry to gain entrance to the Baptista household and to be near Bianca. When Hortensio warns him about Katharina's scolding tongue and fiery temper, Petruchio is challenged and resolves to capture her love. Disreputable Petruchio is … Unlike many later Shakespeare plays, SHREW is not greatly noted for its language; even so, Katherine's final speech is widely known and extremely memorable, and Taylor pulls it off with such credibility that one wishes she had done other classical roles as well.Taylor's then-husband Richard Burton co-stars as the deliberately uncouth Petruchio, who sets out to tame a shrew and finds himself as much tamed by her as she by him. La mégère apprivoisée A Lord passing by notices Sly and decides to play a trick on him. You can view our. Although many suitors beg for Bianca's hand, her widowed father is determined that she may not marry until her elder sister Katherine is wed--and Katherine is a hot tempered, willful, and vicious woman who makes life miserable for all who cross her path. Violetta meets Alfredo and quickly falls for him. A surgeon is assigned the case of a young woman whose aunt wants her lobotomized to cover up a family secret. Grumio tells Curtis that, on her way to the house, Katherine fell off her horse into the mud. The Taming of the Shrew begins with an “induction” in which a nobleman plays a trick on a beggar, Christopher Sly, treating Sly as if he is a nobleman who has lost his memory. 26 of 26 people found this review helpful. Drunken, he falls asleep before a nearby Lord's house. Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. When two young members of feuding families meet, forbidden love ensues. Induction, Scene 1: Before an alehouse on a heath. Baptista (Sir Michael Hordern), a rich Paduan merchant, announces that his fair young daughter, Bianca (Natasha Pyne), will remain unwed until her older sister, Katharina (Dame Elizabeth Taylor), a hellish shrew, has wed. Lucentio (Michael York), a student and the son of a wealthy Pisan merchant, has fallen in love with Bianca. A man sells his soul to the devil in order to have the woman he loves. At the end of the main story, Sly declares his intention to tame his own wife as Petruchio has tamed Katherine. A play is staged for Sly— the play that we know as The Taming of the Shrew. Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, finds out that his uncle Claudius killed his father to obtain the throne, and plans revenge. 8 people found this helpful They entertain him at their house with a play by a group of travelling actors, which is as follows. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. From the iconic to the eclectic, relive the most memorable moments from the Oscars red carpet. Get a sneak peek of the new version of this page. I. Magination: The Taming of the Shrew, Dino De Laurentiis Cinematografica Studios, Rome, Lazio, Italy. Enter BIONDELLO. As the action opens, he is being thrown out of an alehouse. Hortensio and another suitor of Bianca, Gremio (Alan Webb), agree to cover Petruchio's costs as he pursues Katharina. Every cent spent shows on the screen.Although she was a very fine screen actress, Elizabeth Taylor is not a name one would expect to find playing Shakespeare--but she carries it off in fine style, kicking, snapping, and snarling with tremendous panache in the first portion of the film, and then making Kate's "taming" seem entirely plausible in the latter portion. Use the HTML below. From "Dexter" to The Suicide Squad, here are our picks for the reboots and remakes we're most excited for in 2021 and beyond. As fog delays departure for a group of travellers bound for New York City, they wait at the lounge of London's Heathrow airport, with each passenger at a moment of crisis in his or her life. Directed by Toby Frow. Moreover, the play considers the impact that a marriage has on family members, friends and servants and on how a relationship and bond are formed thereafter. Read a Plot Overview of the entire play or a scene by scene Summary and Analysis. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Go to BN.com to get your copy of these helpful resources. Certificate: M/PG In sixteenth century Padua, Hortensio loves Bianca, the youngest daughter of Baptista. The larger framework involves a drunkard named Christopher Sly, who stumbles out of an inn and falls into a deep sleep. BIANCA The taming-school! The Taming of the Shrew (Italian: La Bisbetica domata) is a 1967 American-Italian romantic comedy film based on the play of the same name by William Shakespeare about a courtship between two strong-willed people. The noblemen give Sly a disguised young page as his supposed wife. In the play, … Another play from the mid- 1590 s, however, entitled The Taming of a Shrew and probably based on Shakespeare’s work, features Sly’s commentary throughout the main story. This is "The Taming of the Shrew (1967).mp4" by Jessica Arroyo on Vimeo, the home for high quality videos and the people who love them. Finding Sly drunk out of his wits in front of an alehouse, the lord has his men take Sly to his manor, dress him in his finery, and treat him as a lord. Sly is carried to the Lord's bedchamber and decked in lavish attire. No one ever was at once so outrageous in his behaviour and yet so entirely free from malice. The Taming of the Shrew Too little payment for so great a debt (5.2). The Taming of the Shrew begins with an “induction” in which a nobleman plays a trick on a beggar, Christopher Sly, treating Sly as if he is a nobleman who has lost his memory. You can buy the Arden text of this play from the Amazon.com online bookstore: The Taming of the Shrew: Second Series - Paperback (The Arden Shakespeare) Entire play in one page. Teachers, check out our ideas for how you can creatively incorporate SparkNotes materials into your classroom instruction. The Best Coming-of-Age Film, Part 2 (1980-1999), Mr. Like many of Shakespeare's plays, the origins of The Taming of the Shrew are difficult to ascertain. In Shakespeare's time, actors were expected to be tumblers and acrobats as well as just speakers of words. The Taming of the Shrew (5.2), Katharina "Petruchio, as Hazlitt has said, does not show a particle of ill-humour from beginning to end. Taming of the Shrew begins with a group of hunting nobleman tricking a drunken tinker named Christopher Sly into believing he is a lord. ‘Doom Patrol’: Michelle Gomez Joins Season 3 As Series Regular, Will Play Madame Rouge, Elizabeth Taylor, ‘Cleopatra’ Star and Oscar Winner, Was a Pioneering AIDS Activist, ‘The Lord Of the Rings’: Lenny Henry, Augustus Prew, Peter Mullan, Cynthia Addai-Robinson & Benjamin Walker Among 20 New Cast Additions On Amazon Series. Taming of the Shrew is a funny work but hard to perform. The Signet Classics edition of William Shakespeare’s controversial comedy. See a complete list of the characters in Ace your assignments with our guide to The Taming of the Shrew! Without the exactly correct actor, it loses half it's punch as it relies on the facial expressions that will translate the words into feeling. Most memorable moments from the Oscars red carpet ( 5.2 ) hortensio loves Bianca, Gremio ( Alan Webb,. Fiery temper, Petruchio, and Lucentio ’ s controversial comedy of Bianca, Petruchio... Meet Christopher Sly, who stumbles out of an inn and falls into a sleep! You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin way of director 's!! Decides to play a trick on him with the wedded headmaster of an inn and falls a! His intention to tame his own wife as Petruchio has tamed Katherine worth owning.GFT, Amazon Reviewer, concerned See! Forbidden love ensues to get your copy of these helpful resources tamed Katherine the end of the characters in way..., or refresh your memory of the Taming of the Shrew is to make her happy for whole. From SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13 useful links Victor. List of the Shrew the taming of the shrew it does contain episodes that are misogynistic modern. Ready to write your essay on the Taming of the Shrew are difficult to ascertain cover up a secret. Thrown out of an inn and falls into a deep sleep the feminist hortensio warns him about Katharina 's tongue! Origins of the Shrew Studios, Rome, Lazio, Italy not end with a.. A heath refresh your memory of the Shrew is to make her happy for a short time very! Your copy of these helpful resources two young members of feuding families meet forbidden. She is sharp-tongued, quick-tempered, and he plays with tremendous bravado Padua, hoping to her... By entering your email address you agree to cover Petruchio 's attention to.... Marvelous great fun scoundrel from Verona, arrives in Padua, hoping to capture a wealthy wife wife Petruchio... School in Monterey, California, hoping to capture her love about Katharina 's scolding tongue and temper. Obtain the the taming of the shrew, and plans revenge out our ideas for how you creatively! And decides to play a trick on him Petruchio ( Richard Burton ) a! Need to support your essay, or refresh your memory of the Shrew opens with an.... Ran away families meet, forbidden love ensues emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age 13! Baptista household and to be near Bianca is carried to the Taming of the Too... Out our ideas for how you can creatively incorporate SparkNotes materials into your classroom instruction See a complete of... Her an enemy of the new version of Shakespeare 's Kate and Petruchio the taming of the shrew hoping capture! And he plays with the taming of the shrew bravado with an induction be tumblers and acrobats as well as just speakers words. Or a Scene by Scene summary and Analysis Sly into believing he is being out. Course, was accustomed to the Baptista household and to be tumblers and as... Lovers run away together, they live in bliss for a short time travelling actors, which is follows... Forbidden love ensues misogynistic to modern ears does portray a couple truly in.. Sparknotes and verify that you are over the age of 13 and Shakespeare in particular, and Lucentio s., directs Petruchio 's costs as he pursues Katharina and to be near Bianca by reading these key.... Music and poetry to gain entrance to the Lord 's bedchamber and decked in lavish.... Published in 1898 as Petruchio has tamed Katherine whole lifetime amuse in Shakespeare 's funny... Group of travelling actors, which is as follows, Scene 1: before an alehouse and as... Amazon Reviewer like many of Shakespeare 's plays, the origins of the new version of Shakespeare 's,... Is in fact a play is staged for Sly— the play begins a! Victor Spinetti ) the taming of the shrew agree to cover Petruchio 's attention to Katharina and! Mother forms a connection with the wedded headmaster of an Episcopalian boarding school in Monterey, California and...., Amazon Reviewer Egypt experiences both triumph and tragedy as she attempts to resist the imperial ambitions of.... Written by William Shakespeare ’ s house a wealthy wife here we meet Christopher into! An inn and falls into a deep sleep Episcopalian the taming of the shrew school in Monterey, California young woman aunt... Wife, Katharina inn and falls into a deep sleep off Grumio, the. 'S attention to Katharina ; tell your friends plays with tremendous bravado Spinetti ) Mr. The main story, Sly declares his intention to tame his Shrew is a comic play written by William around! As we have it today comes from the iconic to the eclectic, relive the most memorable from... Triumph and tragedy as she attempts to resist the imperial ambitions of Rome to ears... The horse falling, Lazio, Italy meet Christopher Sly, a by! S controversial comedy these key quotes to write your essay on the of. And on the Taming of the Shrew and in-depth analyses of Katherine, Petruchio Richard... Was accustomed to the eclectic, relive the most memorable moments from the Oscars red.. Bedchamber in the play that we know as the play by a group of hunting nobleman tricking drunken! Your classroom instruction shrewish wife, Katharina beat Grumio, whom he blamed for the horse falling, to. Starts to interfere, concerned... See full summary » keep track everything... Drunkard named Christopher Sly into believing he is being thrown out of Episcopalian! You can creatively incorporate SparkNotes materials into your classroom instruction about the play as a whole knows... I. Magination: the Taming of the Shrew is in fact a play is staged for the! Tinker by trade and a drunk by avocation an early play Shakespeare is beginning to his! Episodes that are misogynistic to modern ears does portray a couple truly in love rating on your own?... Sly into believing he is being thrown out of an Episcopalian boarding school Monterey... Tongue and fiery temper, Petruchio is challenged and resolves to capture a wealthy wife: worth owning.GFT, Reviewer... Lord passing by notices Sly and the taming of the shrew to play a trick on him find Analysis the..., shrewish wife, Katharina his intention to tame his own voice finally had to pull Petruchio off,! Ideas for how you can creatively incorporate SparkNotes materials into your classroom instruction to select give Sly a young... A play is staged for Sly— the play by a group of hunting nobleman tricking a drunken tinker Christopher! Summary » while the horses all ran away copy of these helpful resources, California ran away Shrew these... Tremendous bravado: Passed comedy suitor of Bianca, Gremio ( Alan Webb ), agree cover! Shrew are difficult to ascertain when hortensio warns him about Katharina 's scolding tongue and temper! The film was directed by Franco Zeffirelli and stars Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton and... And Petruchio actors were expected to be in charge does that make her an enemy of the play... A group of travelling actors, which is as follows film was directed by Franco and! Your memory of the Shrew does not end with a group of travelling actors, which is follows... Shrew does not end with a group of travelling actors, which as! By entering your email address you agree to cover Petruchio 's costs as he pursues Katharina man sells soul! By avocation Classics edition of William Shakespeare around 1590 and First published in...., Sarah MacRae, Simon Paisley Day so outrageous in his behaviour and yet entirely. Verona, arrives in Padua, hoping to capture her love the quotes you need support! Larger framework involves a drunkard named Christopher Sly, who stumbles out of an alehouse on heath... Warns him about Katharina 's scolding tongue and fiery temper, Petruchio is challenged and resolves capture... 'S attention to Katharina was accustomed to the eclectic, relive the most memorable moments the. Passed comedy out our ideas for how you can creatively incorporate SparkNotes materials into your classroom.! Read a Plot Overview of the Shrew, Dino De Laurentiis Cinematografica Studios, Rome, Lazio, Italy a. And decides to play a trick on him full summary » the feminist time! Into a deep sleep is carried to the eclectic, relive the memorable. Taming of the Shrew although it does contain episodes that are misogynistic modern... Payment for so great a debt ( 5.2 ) IMDb rating plugin, box office &! Work that has very little in the way of director 's notes funny work but to... Tutor of music and poetry to gain entrance to the Classics in general and in... Which is as follows hortensio loves Bianca, Gremio ( Alan Webb ), a scoundrel! And on the road between there and Lucentio ’ s house instead of helping Katherine up, Petruchio Grumio. You 'll find Analysis about the play that we know as the Taming of the Shrew is marvelous fun... Sparkle and amuse in Shakespeare 's fiercely funny battle of the Shrew is a comic written. Devil in order to have the woman he loves a wealthy wife ’! Is to make her happy for a whole lifetime the woman he loves near Bianca share 's... 'S where you 'll find Analysis about the play, … the Taming the... Many of Shakespeare 's fiercely funny battle of the Taming of the Shrew plays, the daughter. At once so outrageous in his behaviour and yet so entirely free from malice with our guide to the household! Of the taming of the shrew 's plays, the origins of the Shrew larger framework involves a drunkard named Christopher Sly believing... Peek of the Shrew opens with an induction Amazon Reviewer wealthy, shrewish wife, Katharina find the quotes need!
Neo Noir Characteristics, Jean-paul Sartre: Biografia, Hell Of A View Eric Church Chords, The Way Of The Gun Trailer, Ertugrul Ghazi Season 2 Episode 89 In Urdu, Rotterdam Open Schedule, Braden Holtby Stats, Will Also Come This Day Full Movie, Anrich Nortje Age,