A possible solution is to assume that the final item is in fact a reference to two states: Ba'asa may have been king of Ammon and Beth-Rehob, although these two territories were separated by Damascus. On one side are the forces of the Assyrian Empire, a Mesopotamian military juggernaut that has been steadily gobbling up territory across the Middle East over the last few years. However, the royal inscriptions from this period are notoriously unreliable. At Karchemish, which was by now called Kar-Šalmaneser, the Assyrian army crossed the Euphrates. However, it probably was not an independent state (the Antakya Stela proves that Hamath controlled large parts of the Orontes valley). I carried off captives, his valuables, and his palace possessions. This time, the coalition received no support from Arpad and Karchemiš, and it seems that this time, victory was decisive: the two states never returned to the coalition. I decisively defeated them from the city of Qarqar to the city of Gilzau. I captured Adennu, Parga, and Argana, his royal cities. and two massive armies are lined up on an alluvial plain in front of the ancient city of Qarqar, in today’s northern Syria. Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, http://books.google.com/books?id=YMxY_hfXkCQC&pg=PA91&dq=%22kurkh+monolith%22#PPA91,M1, https://military.wikia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Qarqar?oldid=4142581. The main source is the Kurkh Stela, which has become famous because it mentions king Ahab of Israel. The Battle of Qarqar (or Ḳarḳar) was fought in 853 BC, when the army of Assyria led by king Shalmaneser III encountered an allied army of eleven kings at Qarqar, led by Hadadezer (also called Adad-idr and possibly to be identified with Benhadad II) of Damascus and King Ahab of Israel. Šalmaneser describes the fight in highly stereotypical phrases: With the supreme forces which Aššur, my lord, had given me and with the mighty weapons which the divine standard, which goes before me, had granted me, I fought with them. They never directly acknowledge defeats and sometimes claim victories that were actually won by ancestors or predecessors. Meaning of Qarqar. He crossed both the Tigris and Euphrates without incident, receiving the submission and tribute of several cities along the way, including Aleppo. 10 chariots and 10,000 troops of the land of Irqanatu; 200 troops of Matinu-Ba'al of the city of Arvad; 30 chariots of Adon-Ba'al of the land of Šianu; ... hundred troops of Ba'asa of Bit-Ruhubi, the. Not to be confused with Ben Hadad as the Biblical account would claim, as he ruled 50 years later) of Damascus and King Ahab of Israel. He fought against Urartu and marched an army against an alliance of Aramean states headed by Hadadezer of Damascus and including Ahab, king of Israel, at the Battle of Qarqar in 853 BC. wikipedia We are not certain about this, but the Kurkh Stela, our main source for Šalmaneser's western campaigns, refers to a rebel named Giammu in the valley of the river Balik. Assyrian Siege of Lachish (701) Several kingdoms in the Levant ceased to pay taxes. This page was created in 2009; last modified on 10 August 2020. Shalmaneser III was the first Assyrian king to seize territory west of the Euphrates, and the battle of Qarqar in 853 BCE against the South Syrian League is notable in that respect. Whatever the nature of Assyria's victories, the fact that he king needed to return proves that Qarqar, whoever may have been the tactical victor, had been a strategic victory for the coalition, which was able to expand its power to Karchemiš and Arpad. This was repeated three years later, although this time, the tribute bearers were Sidon, Tyre, and Byblos. Illustration by … Battle of Qarqar (by Ancient Warfare Magazine/ Karwansaray Publishers) - Illustration of the Battle of Qarqar in 853 BCE between the Neo-Assyrian Empire led by Shalmaneser III and an alliance of twelve kings who waged war against him. The Battle of Qarqar. The Battle of Qarqar involved this method as well. This battle, fought during the 854 BC-846 BC Assyrian Conquest of Syria, is notable for having a larger … "Recension D" of Šalmaneser's Annals, which is inscribed on two monumental bulls found in Kalhu (Nimrud), refers to another campaign, in 841. It had to be made clear to anyone who might have thought otherwise, that the king had achieved a splendid victory. battle of qarqar Latest. Shalmaneser's opponents held on to their thrones after this battle: though Ahab of Israel died shortly afterwards in an unrelated battle, Hadadezer was king of Damascus until at least 841 BC. BATTLE OF QARQAR. Coordinates: 35°44′34″N 36°19′50″E / 35.742646°N 36.330543°E / 35.742646; 36.330543. At Pitru, the king received envoys from Melidu (Melitene), Gurgum, Kummuhi (Commagene), Karchemiš, and Arpad, who stressed their loyalty. Home » Articles » Battle » Qarqar (853 BCE), About Pictures Sources Countries Languages Categories Tags Thanks FAQ Donate Contact Articles Stubs. As he crossed the Euphrates into northern Syria six kings of that area came to pay tribute to him without resisting. Shalmaneser boasts that his troops inflicted 14,000 casualties upon the allied army, capturing countless chariots and horses, and describes the damage he inflicted on his opponents in savage detail. The Battle Of Qarqar Posted on July 14, 2012 by nathanalbright For historians of the ancient Near East, the area we call the Middle East, the Battle of Qarqar is one of the most famous battles in ancient history. By: Lawrence Mykytiuk How many people mentioned in the Hebrew Bible have been confirmed archaeologically? Qarqar had not been decisive, but in retrospect, it had been the beginning of the end for independent Syria. Battle of Qarqar: one of the fights during the Assyrian king Šalmaneser III's campaign against the city states of Syria. If left unchecked, Shalmaneser III would turn south and quickly overrun every kingdom in his way. More importantly, there were also representatives of the recently conquered territories in the west, Sam'al and Pattina. Like Adad, I rained down upon them a devastating flood. Battle of Qarqar The Battle of Qarqar is mentioned in extra-biblical records, and was perhaps at Apamea, where Shalmaneser III of Assyria fought a great confederation of princes from Cilicia, Northern Syria, Israel, Ammon, and the tribes of the Syrian desert (853 BC), including Ahab (A-ha-ab-bu mat) (Adad-'idri). The Battle of Qarqar (or Ḳarḳar) was fought in 853 BC, when the army of Assyria led by king Shalmaneser III encountered an allied army of eleven kings at Qarqar, led by Hadadezer (also called Adad-idr and possibly to be identified with Benhadad II) of Damascus and King Ahab of Israel. Assyrian power in Syria was to last for two centuries. The Battle of Qarqar (or Ḳarḳar) was fought in 853 BC when the army of Assyria led by king Shalmaneser III encountered an allied army of twelve kings at Qarqar led by Hadadezer (also called Adad-idr and possibly to be identified with Benhadad II) of Damascus and King Ahab of Israel. Irhuleni was the one most directly concerned. At this point, the account on the Kurkh Stela breaks off. Definition of Qarqar in the Definitions.net dictionary. ; Leirens, I. If this was indeed the operational aim of the coalition, it is logical to find them in the valley of the Orontes. After leaving Nineveh with his army in early May, 853 B.C., Shalmaneser stopped in the Upper Euphrates River Valley long enough to subjugate one town. The most likely solution is that the number twelve is just symbolic. Pillaging the land, the Assyrians tried to force their enemies to battle. The Battle of Carcar (or Qarqar) was fought in 853 BC when the army of Assyria, led by king Shalmaneser III, encountered an allied army of 12 kings at Karkar led by Hadadezer (also called Adad-idr. Note that some of “Solomon’s” campaigns near the Euphrates appear to have been transferred to the novelistic account of David as military leader. Battle of Qarqar (or Ḳarḳar) The historical setting and circumstances are clear. Ten years later, Šalmaneser for the third time ordered the composition of his Annals ("Recension C"). [1], Twelve Kings is an Akkadian term meant to symbolize any kind of alliance. The battle is recorded on the Kurkh Monolith. So, there is a thirty-year difference between the chronology of Ahab at Qarqar in my book, derived solely from the biblical text, and the traditional date for This was the greatest battle the world had ever seen up to this date. Battle of Qarqar (Karkar) revisited Part One: Re-stating the Assyrian problem by Damien F. Mackey The problem is that, according to the revised system that I follow, the long reign of Shalmaneser III, conventionally situated as it is in the mid-C9th BC, must coincide with the revised El Amarna period of Egyptian history of pharaohs Amenhotep III, Akhnaton, (Smenkhkare) and Tutankhamun. battle of qarqar. The ancient town of Qarqar at which the battle took place has generally been identified with the modern-day archaeological site of Tell Qarqur near the village of Qarqur. the battle of Qarqar had not been decisive, continuous warfare followed. c. Eponymy of [governor] Daiiān-Aššur: During this period of Assyrian history, each year was named after one of the governors within the Assyrian empire. Far from stabilizing the region, it led to an escalation. In 833, Šalmaneser ordered his statue to be erected near one of the gates of Aššur. The place of a battle between the Assyrian army of Shalmaneser III (858-823) and a coalition of states from Syria and Palestine. The Moabite Rebellion The book of 2 Kings begins by telling us, “After the death of Ahab, Moab rebelled against Israel.” He left a description of the battle on a stele that was discovered in 1861 at Kurkh, near the Tigris river in Turkey. It seems that the battle of Qarqar had not been decisive, because we read about continuous warfare. But we also read that in 849, Šalmaneser had to fight against Karchemiš and Arpad, which had been loyal in 853, and against the coalition. Oct 13 Blog. Shalmaneser's inscription describes the forces of his opponent Hadadezer in considerable detail as follows:[2]. The most famous example is in the Kurkh Monolith, where an alliance of 11 kings are listed as 12 in the Assyrian document as fighting against Assyrian King Shalmaneser III in the battle of Qarqar. The Battle of Qarqar (or Ḳarḳar) was fought in 853 BC, when the army of Assyria led by king Shalmaneser III encountered an allied army of eleven kings at Qarqar, led by Hadadezer (also called Adad-idr and possibly to be identified with Benhadad II) of Damascus and King Ahab of Israel. against the Syrian alliance led by Aram-Damascus, as a great Assyrian victory.1 Yet it is clear from accounts of the Qarqar campaign and its results that Shalmaneser nevertheless failed to extend his rule south of the Antioch In the mid 9 th century BCE, the Assyrian Empire was rapidly conquering the ancient Near East. Shortly after the Battle of Qarqar, king Ahab is killed in battle at Ramoth-gilead, after the covenant between him and his Aramaen counterpart broke down (1 Kings 22). The main source is the Kurkh Stela, which has become famous because it … He climbed to the citadel, sacrificed to Hadad, and proceeded to the southwest, where he invaded Hamath: the first kingdom of the anti-Assyrian coalition. The Battle of Qarqar (or Ḳarḳar) was fought in 853 BC, when the army of Assyria led by king Shalmaneser III encountered an allied army of eleven kings at Qarqar, led by Hadadezer (also called Adad-idr and possibly to be identified with Benhadad II) of Damascus and King Ahab of Israel. The year is 853 B.C.E. ended in the inevitable Assyrian victory. It was there, not far from Hamath, that the battle took place. This time, the Assyrians seem to have met an isolated king Hazael of Damascus, because the coalition is not mentioned. Although there are a good many battles mentioned in the Old Testament, the Battle of Qarqar is mentioned neither by name nor description. Illustration of the Battle of Qarqar in 853 BCE between the Neo-Assyrian Empire led by Shalmaneser III and an alliance of twelve kings who waged war against him. In the Kurkh stela, Šalmaneser enumerates his opponents: I razed, destroyed, and burned the city of Qarqar, the royal city. I felt with the sword 14,000 troops, their fighting men. The story of the campaign of 853 is summarized - the number of killed enemies is now 25,000 men - and we learn that the king boarded ships and went out upon the sea. All rights reserved. 700 chariots, 700 cavalry, and 10,000 troops of Irhuleni, the Hamathite; 2,000 chariots and 10,000 troops of Ahab, the. Battle of Qarqar. In 857, he reached the Amanus Mountains and the Mediterranean shores, and in the next year, he settled Assyrians in this land. I spread out their corpses and I filled the plain. This makes sense. I set fire to his palaces. The Battle of Qarqar (or Ḳarḳar) was fought in 853 BC when the army of Assyria led by king Shalmaneser III encountered an allied army of twelve kings at Qarqar led by Hadadezer (also called Adad-idr and possibly to be identified with Benhadad II) of Damascus and King Ahab of Israel. 1,200 chariots, 1,200 cavalry, and 20,000 troops of Hadad-Ezer ("Arad-idri") of. 53 People in the Bible Confirmed Archaeologically . Wikipedia pages 22-23), indicates that Ahab reigned from 904-883 BCE and that the Battle of Qarqar happened in 883 BCE, not 853 BCE. If Shalmaneser had won a clear victory at Qarqar, it did not immediately lead to further Assyrian conquests in Syria. Once past Aleppo he encountered his first resistance from troops of Iruleni, king of Hamath, whom he defeated; in retribution, he plundered both the palaces and the cities of Iruleni's kingdom. I felled with the sword their extensive troops. Reality may have been different. However this may be, Šalmaneser sought a decisive battle to show who was the boss. Lawrence Mykytiuk reveals the surprising number—from Israelite kings to Mesopotamian monarchs—and some lesser figures as well. Sennacherib set out to again subjugate them. But in describing the allied forces, Shalmaneser lists them in the following order: Qarqar is described as the royal residence of Irhuleni. The remaining city states and kingdoms in the west united in a defensive alliance, and seem to have tried to create dissension within the Assyrian realms. Assyrian records make it clear that he campaigned in the region several more times in the following decade, engaging Hadadezer six times, who was supported by Iruleni of Hamath at least twice. One of the newly conquered territories, Pattina, was on the lower Orontes, and it would be logical for the coalition to try to liberate this state: after all, the inhabitants had fresh memories of Assyrian conquest, and might easily support the allies. (2006). The army marched to the west and encountered the first resistance in the valley of the river Balik, where Giammu had seized power. It has been said that this battle between Assyria and a coalition of Canaanite and Syrian kingdoms consisted of the largest number of combatants of any battle to date, so why is it not mentioned? The army continued to the Qarqar, a town on the plain of the Orontes. Recension C ends with another battle, in 845. King Irhuleni of Hamath commanded 700 chariots, 700 horsemen and 10,000 soldiers; The land of Irqanata (Tell Arqa) sent 10 chariots and 10,000 soldiers; The land of Shianu (in the Jeble region) - figures lost. Qarqar has not yet been identified with certainty but was located in the Orontes Valley in Syria. The town belonged to Sam'al, which had already surrendered, but Šalmaneser presents its surrender as something special. He departed from Nineveh after the full month of the month Ajaru had been observed, as was customary, in the year in which Dayan-Aššur was limmu; comparison to the Assyrian Eponym List helps to establish that this was the spring of 853. Bunnens, Guy; Hawkins, J.D. The inscription records operations in all parts of the known world, but from the western front, it mentions two campaigns only: Qarqar and the first attack on Damascus. On one side: The Royal Assyrian Army led by king Shalmaneser III. Another solution is to assume that Qarqar, which had already been destroyed and could no longer fight, was the twelfth member of the league. The coalition had been broken, and Assyrian power in Syria was to last for two centuries. I blocked the Orontes river with their corpses as with a causeway. I approached the cities of [king] Irhuleni, the Hamathite. What does Qarqar mean? If Hamath had been the aim of Šalmaneser's invasion, this is illogical, and we may assume that the king had another reason to go in this direction: because he knew that the army of his enemies was - or would be arriving - here. The Assyrian king Šalmaneser III was a remarkable warrior, who often fought against the city states in the west. In the midst of the battle I took away from them chariots, cavalry, and teams of horses. I made their blood flow in the wadis. They marched against me to do war and battle. Many of the inscriptions of Shalmaneser in depict the battle at Qarqar, fought in the sixth year of his reign (853 b.c.) All content copyright © 1995–2021 Livius.org. They defeated him in battle, marched to Damascus, pillaged the land, and received tribute from Sidon, Tyre, and Israel. It also documents the battle of Qarqar in 853 BC, year 6 of Shalmaneser’s reign warred against Ben-Hadad II and his coalition of 12 kings, one of whom was Ahab. Jehoshaphat arrived at Samaria for one of the periodic consultations between the royal partners that had been going on since the conclusion of the treaty of alliance between the … The field was too small for laying flat their bodies; the broad countryside had been consumed in burying them. In 853 BC, the Assyrian king, Shalmaneser III fought against a coalition of western kings near at Qarqar in modern-day Syria. According to an inscription later erected by Shalmaneser, he had started his annual campaign, leaving Nineveh on the 14th day of Iyar. Continuing his march after having sacked Qarqar, he encountered the allied forces near the Orontes River. The Battle of Qarqar would mark a point where the seemingly unstoppable Assyrian army and the ambitions of its king were checked, and the Assyrian domination of the region delayed by about a century. These lines are not unproblematic, if only because only eleven divisions are named. This battle, fought during the 854 BC-846 BC Assyrian Conquest of Syria, is notable for having a larger number of combatants than any previous battle, and for being the first instance in which some peoples enter recorded history (such as the Arabs). Proceeding to the west, the Assyrian army reached Halman, or Aleppo, as we know it. Next year, the Assyrians again had to fight against Karchemiš, Arpad, and Hamath; a third battle against the coalition forces ended in the inevitable Assyrian victory. These twelve kings he took as allies. In 853 BCE king Shalmaneser III advanced with his army from Nineveh through modern-day Syria, capturing cities by fear or by force. This, and the great number of spelling errors, suggest that the stela had to be erected quickly. 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Be erected quickly Mykytiuk How many people mentioned in the Old Testament, the Assyrian army reached,. Through modern-day Syria, capturing cities by fear or by force statue to be erected near of!
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