Images must be stored either on the director or on the third-party TFTP server. Design considerations are listed in the Security Best Practices section of this document. See the “Configuring the DHCP Server” section for configuration instructions. For all platforms 'vstack' enabled is a default behaviour and auto-disable works when SMI Director is not configured in network. The feature allows a customer to ship a Cisco switch to any location, install it in the network, and power it on without additional configuration requirements. Note Client backup is supported only when the director and client are running Cisco IOS Release 12.2(55)SE or later. They call it a misuse of the Smart Install protocol. An image list identifies the images to be loaded on the client. Download the bin image from the cisco.com website. To further restrict access to all the clients within the infrastructure, administrators can use the following security best practices on other devices in the network: Customers who can not properly protect their Smart Install IP infrastructure address space, or need the added security of authorization and authentication between the director and clients can migrate to Cisco Plug-N-Play (PnP). When backup is enabled, zero-touch replacement is supported for Smart Install clients (with some restrictions for stack replacement). The SMI Proxy device will contact the central PnP Server on behalf of the device running older versions, to retrieve the image and configuration information. These sections include more detailed information on Smart Install components: The director in a Smart Install network must be a Layer 3 switch running Cisco IOS Release 12.2(52)SE or later, XE 3.4SG, 15.1(2)SG, 15.0(2)SE or later, 15.1(1)SY or later, 3.2(0)SE or later, or a router running Cisco IOS Release 15.1(3)T or later. The director searches its database to determine if the switch belongs to a configured group. These files can also be stored on a third-party TFTP server for the director to use. After a client boots up, it sends a copy of its startup configuration to the director. but this is effective only when the switch is converted to a director. Supported types of image and configuration updates: On all clients, prior to Cisco IOS Release XE 3.5.0E and Cisco IOS 15.2(1)SG, only image+config zero-touch upgrades were supported. 3. Learned from CDP and from Smart Install. Enter startup-vlan and the VLAN value. Added chassis type to configure a chassis. The hold state lets you control whether or not the client can receive a software upgrade, and how the upgrade is performed. (0)E, and 15.2. Customers who do not use the Cisco Smart Install feature, and are running a release of Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software where the command is available, should disable the Smart Install feature with the no vstack command. Connectivity groups include only standalone switches (not switch stacks), and clients must be in the director database. Use the following commands to open or close a join window: Note You cannot combine the vstack join-window start and [no] vstack join-window commands to close and open the join window. The hold-state is either on or off when the join window is active. We differentiate the following use cases: The following sections describe each scenario in detail: Customers Not Using the Smart Install Feature. 2. Cisco critical flaw: At least 8.5 million switches open to attack, so patch now. In a multihop topology, for the director to get the complete topology overview, any client switch upstream of a group of clients must be Smart Install capable. If a switch IP address changes, it might no longer be reachable. For example, a retail store might have checkout counters and a pharmacy, and the pharmacy switch requires a different configuration. Management Interface (VLAN ID) The name and ID of the management VLAN through which the switch is managed. When a client is a single hop from the director, the client uses CDP to send the director information about itself. Instead, the new switch receives the default files from th e DHCP server. Enter interface and the interface name. Ability of the director to transparently connect to any Smart Install client. You can use the image name instead, for example, flash://image.tar. You can create the image list files and put them on the TFTP server manually if the director fails to do so automatically; you cannot fix the issue that prevents the director from writing to the TFTP server. Client switches use the director database for image and configuration downloads and receive the image and configuration files from the Smart Install TFTP server. Cisco does not. The configuration is stored on the local repository on the director or on a remote repository on a server. PID groups include only standalone switches (not switch stacks), and clients do not need to be in the director database. This is an unlikely but possible corner-case occurrence. Supports non-VLAN1 management and provides the ability to discover the client switches available on non-VLAN1. (2)E, and Cisco IOS XE 3.4SG support non-VLAN1 management and provide the ability to discover the client switches available on non-VLAN1. Note When a client has been removed from the hold state to allow that client to join the network, you must restart the client to again put it in the hold state (if the mode is manual) or to automatically upgrade if the mode is auto and the join window is open. The imageclist file, the new configuration file, and the image are also stored in this directory. This file is the backup configuration for that client. You can review clients on the hold list by entering the show vstack status user EXEC command. These include the following: While designing a Smart Install architecture, care should be taken such that the infrastructure IP address space is not accessible to untrusted parties. Note The security best practices must be followed for all devices on which the SMI Proxy feature is enabled, and also for all devices on which the Smart Install feature is enabled. A client switch can participate in Smart Install even if it is not directly connected to the director. The vulnerability is due to improper validation of packet data. A client can be a standalone switch or a switch stack. Depending on the VLAN that is specified in the command, DHCP snooping is enabled on that VLAN so that the director can identify new switches that are connected to the network, known as non-VLAN 1 switches. See the “Configuring the TFTP Server” section. A client switch sends an error message if it cannot download an image or configuration file due to misconfiguration, if the image or configuration file is not available, or if a join window is configured and the DHCP acknowledgments occurs beyond the configured time frame. Client 8 is a non-VLAN 1 switch. When it is plugged in and connected to the network and boots up, it tries to get its IP address from DHCP. SMI Proxy is available in Cisco IOS Release 15.2(2)E2 and later releases. Disable the Smart Install client functionality after the zero-touch installation is complete or use the no vstack command. 24KCCNP-Cisco Networking VStack Zero Touch Switch Imaging Technology #1. … In a DHCP network, DHCP snooping is automatically enabled on the director. © 2021 Cisco and/or its affiliates. Note A Smart Install network can have only one director. (2)E support Smart Install. In addition to tftp / flash / flash1 for image and seed configuration file storage, the usb keyword is supported. Any time the user, directly or through the director, saves a client configuration, a backup configuration is created. If a join window is configured, a zero touch update is possible only during the configured window. To help customers determine their exposure to vulnerabilities in Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software, Cisco provides a tool, the Cisco IOS Software Checker, that identifies any Cisco Security Advisories that impact a specific software release and the earliest release that fixes the vulnerabilities described in each advisory (“First Fixed”). See Appendix A, “Supported Devices for Smart Install” for a list of supported routers and switches, the roles they can play (client or director), and the required software releases. When a client switch running an earlier release is replaced, the new switch receives a seed replacement. All network DHCP packets from intermediate or client switches or from an external DHCP server must pass through the director. Table 1-1 shows the switches that are in the director database and how the director obtained the information. Table C-1 Features Introduced After the First Release and the Minimum Cisco IOS Release Required. Cisco IOS Release 12.2(58)SE, 15.1(1)SY, 15.0(2)SE, 15.1(2)SG, 3.2(0)SE and later, 15.3(3)M, and 15.2(2)E, Change the client health state from denied to the allowed or held state for the join window, vstack join-window-status index client-id { allowed | held }, vstack download-image tar image_URL { ip_address | index name } remote_switch_password [ override ] reload [ in time ] (index name keywords), clear vstack { director-db [ entry index-number ]. (0)E, and 15.2. To connect to the client switch command-line interface, enter the vstack attach { client-index | client_ip_address } privileged EXEC command. A join window is a time window during which the client can update image or configuration files. If the join window is closed, the client cannot join the network (denied). When a join window is configured, and the DHCP acknowledgement occurs outside of the configured window, a client switch sends an error message that it cannot download an image or configuration file. You enable the file backup feature on the director by entering the vstack backup and you can configure a repository for the backup files. Table 1-3 lists the join window states and the actions that are allowed or not allowed for each state. Actually, it is a problem of datacenters which failed to limit access to TCP 4786 port or to disable Smart Install at all. For information about Smart Install supported switches, routers, and minimum software releases for directors and clients, see Supported Devices for Smart Install . There can be only one director for a set of clients and you cannot configure a backup director. Command Reference, Cisco IOS XE Gibraltar 16.10.x (Catalyst 9300 Switches) Chapter Title. This feature provides control of the files and prevents unauthorized switches from receiving the Smart Install configuration. In this example we will use local database for credentials, so it is also mandatory to create at least one The same client number is valid until the client reboots. Smart Install is a plug-and-play configuration and image-management feature that provides zero-touch deployment for new switches. Here's an example: The director can provide information about the image and configuration to the client only during this window. Command Reference, Cisco IOS XE Gibraltar 16.10.x (Catalyst 9300 Switches) Chapter Title. Minimum Cisco IOS Release for Major Features. (2)E, 15.2. You can configure the Smart Install network for clients to join only if they are on the on-hold list and it is during the configured join window. A vulnerability in the Smart Install feature of Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to trigger a reload of an affected device, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. Note In Smart Install networks that do not use DHCP, you must manually configure the director IP address on each client switch by entering the vstack director ip-address global configuration command. The database lists the client devices in the Smart Install network and includes this information: Note When the director is a switch, DHCP snooping is enabled on VLAN 1 by default. Cisco does not. Note When clients in a Smart Install network consist of more than one PID, you should configure built-in groups or custom groups based on MAC address, connectivity, stack group, or product-ID, and define the image and configuration files for each group. A switch with no configuration can be a new, out-of-box switch or one on which you have entered the write erase and reload privileged EXEC commands. Use the vstack join-window mode auto global configuration command to automatically update clients with the latest image and configuration files when they are added during a join window. In a Smart Install network, you can use the Zero-Touch Installation process to install new access layer switches into the network without any assistance from the network administrator. DHCP options are used to send: When a director is configured and a client joins the Smart Install network, Smart Install is automatically enabled on these devices. For a switch stack, the director creates the image list file after the user specifies the tar file for each switch in the stack. Client switches require only the director IP address. A client switch can be an intermediate switch connected to another client switch. Interface and Hardware Commands. Flexible workflow to onboard devices (vs rigid two step process in the past). These fields were added in Cisco IOS Release 12.2(58)SE or 15.1(1)SY to provide more information about each client: When all switches in a Smart Install network have the same PID, they can run the same image and the same seed (basic) configuration file. Configuration synchronization and directory structure for the director. If it is not, the configuration backup process fails. The TFTP server can be an external device, or the director can act as a TFTP server. Executes the vstack, vstack director, vstack basic, and vstack startup-vlan commands to enable ‘Director’ functionality on the switch. During a zero-touch installation, the VLAN specified in the seed configuration for a particular client should be the same as the startup VLAN on the director. Note IE2000 IE3000, and IE3010 support Director with Cisco IOS Release 15.2(2)E. To configure a device as director, enter the IP address of one of its Layer 3 interfaces in the vstack director ip_ address global configuration command and enable it as director by entering the vstack basic command. Then i use no vstack in global config mode and try again: Following an alert by US-CERT about possible hacking by foreign governments, Cisco is warning customers about a port vulnerability in the company's legacy Smart Install Client. To upgrade follow this steps: 1. The most automatic operation is when all switches in the Smart Install network use DHCP and are Smart Install capable. Intermediate switches or clients connected to the director through an intermediate switch in a multihop environment can be, but are not necessarily Smart Install-capable, provided the management VLAN is set to default VLAN1. – MAC address—You can create a custom group of specific switches by using the MAC addresses of the switches to configure the group. The director uses the database: The director periodically updates the director database based on CDP updates that it receives from neighbor switches and from Smart Install messages sent to the director by Smart Install capable clients. – Product IDs (PIDs)—These product IDs are all supported models, including newer PIDs that were not shipping when the software was released and therefore are not in the CLI. The SMI Proxy feature must be enabled on a network device that is configured as a PnP Agent. PDF - Complete Book (11.64 MB) PDF - This Chapter (1.94 MB) View with Adobe Reader on a variety of devices Use the no vstack join-window mode global configuration command to put the client in a hold state. All image list file generation automatically done by the director. Learned from CDP and from Smart Install. (0)E, and 15.2. (2)E, 15.0(2)SE,15.1(1)SY, 15.1(2)SG, XE 3.4SG, 15.0(2)EX, 15.0(2)EX1, 3.6. The backup file is used to reconfigure a client during a zero-touch replacement. The VStack.co project was started in January 2015 because we had long been annoyed with the limitations of existing cloud platforms, and it seemed they were not about to change anytime soon. Switches participating in Smart Install zero-touch updates must use DHCP to obtain their IP addresses. View with Adobe Reader on a variety of devices. Connectivity groups take precedence over groups with matching product IDs or stack numbers. Smart Install networks that do not use DHCP cannot support zero-touch updates but can support on-demand update. If the director fails: The director can change status and become a client switch if: If the director becomes a client, DHCP snooping is disabled, and the director database is no longer used. You can remove a client from the hold list by entering the vstack on-hold-clients remove global configuration command. OpenStack is a an open source cloud operating system managing compute, storage, and networking resources throughout a datacenter using APIs Better monitoring with more information in show vstack status command output to show client device status, health statue, and upgrade status. See the “Configuring the TFTP Server” section. A switch becomes a Smart Install client when either director or when the director IP address is configured on the switch manually. This was done via CSCvd36799. © 2021 Cisco and/or its affiliates. The switches in the cluster use the switch clustering technology so that you can configure and troubleshoot a group of different … On-demand updates do not require DHCP. Otherwise, it is stored in a remote, third-party TFTP server. (0)E, 15.2. Related article: Silencing a Cisco 2951 router. See Appendix A. When a device is configured as director, The VLAN on which the DHCP snooping is automatically enabled becomes VLAN 1 by default. See the “Configuring the DHCP Server” section. PDF - Complete Book (11.64 MB) PDF - This Chapter (1.94 MB) View with Adobe Reader on a variety of devices To prevent this occurrence, you should enable DHCP remembering by entering the ip dhcp remember global configuration command or the remember DHCP-pool configuration command on the DHCP server. Cisco Smart Install is a “plug-and-play” configuration and image-management feature that provides zero-touch deployment for new (typically access layer) switches. When the mode is set to manual and the join window is open, the client is put on the hold list. Support for stacking Option for post install (script) for show vstack config, show vstack download-status, s how vstack download-status detail, show vstack status, and show vstack status detail commands. Configuring the command ensures a successful backup of the startup configuration of client switches. You can perform a zero-touch installation on Smart Install capable switches and non-Smart Install switches. Beginning with Cisco IOS Release 12.2(58)SE, 15.1(1)SY, 15.0(2)SE, 3.2(0)SE and later, 3.6. If your release does not support PnP, migrate to Smart Install Proxy (SMI Proxy). No need to specify the imaglist name for on-demand downloads. If the TFTP server is the director, the file is saved in the director root directory. The .bin file is the Cisco IOS Software image. ... All I do is assign (via DHCP) an IP address to the Management port and the VStack Director talks to the client/slave switches just fine. The client can download the image and configuration files from the director TFTP server or from a remote server. If the director has a configuration for the type of client that was added and if the join window is open, the new client receives the image and configuration files. When a client needs to be replaced and is removed from the network, the CDP database lists the removed client as inactive. The director manages these configuration files: Client switches have a direct or indirect connection to the director so that they can receive image and configuration downloads from it. (2)E, you can disable Smart Install on a device and also shut down its Smart Install TCP ports by entering the no vstack global configuration command on the client or director. 3. VStack.co is a joint venture between Jenkov Aps (jenkov.com) and Worpcloud Ltd (worpcloud.com). The client is not an immediate neighbor of the director or another Smart Install switch. When a switch arrives from the factory, it contains the factory default image. For a stack, the image list contains images for all members of the stack, which could be the same image or different images. A zero-touch installation is an update initiated by the director on a client switch that has no configuration. See the “Using a Join Window” section. Make Smart Install Configuration visible in the configuration. It is recommended that the TFTP server permit the director to write the image list files to the TFTP Server. Cisco IOS Release 15.0(2)SE and later, 15.1(2)SG, XE 3.4SG, 15.1(1)SY, and 15.3(3)M, and 15.2(2)E. You can use the vstack startup-vlan global configuration command to specify another VLAN that should be used for Smart Install management. Note In Catalyst Switches 3850 and 3650, the image is a bundled with .bin extension. When you telnet to a client switch, you must know the switch enable passwords to do any configuration. Simultaneous on-demand upgrades of multiple clients. When an external TFTP server is used, the director writes the image list file to the TFTP server. Cisco IOS Releases 15.1(1)SY, 15.0(2)SE or later, 15.1(2)SG, 3.6. During a zero-touch replacement, the replacement client receives the last backed-up configuration file, which is stored in the director or a remote repository. An example of the use of custom groups is a network where all client switches are the same PID, but one requires a different configuration. (0)E, and 15.2. Download the bin image from the cisco.com website. Note If you have entered the no vstack global configuration command to disable Smart Install on a device, the vstack director ip_ address and vstack basic global configuration commands are not allowed on the device. You can ship a switch to a location, place it in the network and power it on with no configuration required on the device. You can do zero-touch or on-demand updates to any Smart Install client switches. If another client MAC address with the same product-ID is detected on the same port, this client is considered a replacement client. This ACL must be deployed on all IP interfaces on all clients. Customers Leveraging the Smart Install Feature for More Than Zero-Touch Deployment. Image list file automatically created by the director when the default image is stored in the director flash memory. In Cisco IOS Release 12.2 (58)SE and later or Release 15.1 (1)SY, the output of the show vstack status command shows whether or not Smart Install is enabled on the director. When you set the mode to manual by entering the no vstack join-window mode global configuration command, when a client joins the network during an open join window, the client is put on the hold list. Issue the dir flash: command to verify the amount of free memory that you have for the upgrade. Use the no vstack join-window mode global configuration command to put the client in a hold state. The information to Client 8 will be sent by Client 7 via non-VLAN1. Note If a join window has been configured, the Smart Install configuration and image files are sent to the client only during the configured time period. In this mode, when a client joins the network, the director automatically upgrades it when the join window is open. View with Adobe Reader on a variety of devices. The image list file is the file that contains the correct image name for the client. Support for routers as Smart Install directors. However, any client switch that supports the archive download-sw privileged EXEC command to download a software image can be used in a zero-touch Smart Install network. The first section of this command's output displays stack utilization of processes and interrupt routines, and the reason for the last system reboot. A client configuration backup is triggered: You can use zero-touch replacement to exchange and install a like-type client in the Smart Install network. You can include switches with the same or different product IDs, as long as they use the same image and configuration file. No information available. If the director does not have permission to write to the file system of the TFTP server, the director logs the failure in the system log. Executes the vstack, vstack director, vstack basic, and vstack startup-vlan commands to enable ‘Director’ functionality on the switch. Command to disable and re-enable Smart Install on client or director devices. 2. When a new client joins the network and the mode is set to auto, the join window state is active, whether or not the join window is open or closed. show stacks Command. The client also sends information about its neighbor (Client 2). (0)E, and 15.2. If the Smart Install DHCP server is the director or another device running Cisco IOS and the network reloads, the server might assign new IP addresses to participating switches. (2)E is replaced with a switch with the same product ID, the new client receives the same image and configuration as the replaced client. During the Cisco Live 2016 in Las Vegas, Cisco presented the new feature named “ StackWise virtual ” supported by the IOS XE Denali in the 3850 switch series and later, in the new Cisco Catalyst 9500 family. X@X:/mnt/c/Python$ python vstack.py -t 172.26.23.250 [*] Connecting to Smart Install Client 172.26.23.250 port 4786 [*] Send a malicious packet After this switch crashes and reloads. (0)E, and 15.2.(2)E. Client configuration backup is enabled by default. A client switch needs an IP address for management communication and the director must be able to communicate with that IP address. (0)E, or 15.2.(2)E. Use the vstack join-window mode auto global configuration command to automatically update clients with the latest image and configuration files when they are added during a join window. Given the interface name, the SMI Proxy uses the associated IP address to enable director functionality. Features not listed are supported in all releases. If the director is the TFTP server, the available flash file space on the director must be adequate to accommodate the client Cisco IOS image and configuration files. Table 1-2 Types of Updates Supported by Each Client, 15.0(2)SE, 15.1(1)SY, 15.1(2)SG, XE 3.4SG, 15.0(2)EX, 15.0(2)EX1, 3.6. Note Switches running releases earlier than 12.2(52)SE are not Smart Install capable, but they can be Smart Install clients if they support the archive download-sw privileged EXEC command. Be present in the Smart Install network, DHCP snooping is automatically enabled becomes VLAN 1 for communication... The command-line help by entering the vstack attach { client-index | client_ip_address } EXEC. Ios Release 3.2 ( 0 ) SE or later 1-1 shows a Smart Install on a.. Level of security for the client also sends information to the director builds topology... Client-Index | client_ip_address } privileged EXEC command an update initiated by the director DHCP packets from clients used in network. 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An update initiated by the director database in VLAN 1 with only the CLI to manage the manually. Can include switches with the same client number is valid until the client networks. Replacing a client switch needs an IP address changes, it sends a of! Can happen at any time the user specifies the tar file for the replaced client from the database... E2 and later, 3.6 either director what is vstack cisco another Smart Install processes stop configuration..., displayed in the stack third-party TFTP server ) SY, 15.0 ( 2 ) E, and 15.2 (. Director searches its database to determine if the switch assumes the role director...
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